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ft 

The  Eastern  Terminus 

September  Bd  I88S. 

Compliments  or  the 
vGit^of  St..  Pay  i,  Minn. 


EDWARD  W.  NOLAN 

GRAND   OPENING 


— OF  THE- 


Northern  Pacific  Railway. 


CELEBRATION  AT 

ST.  PAUL,  MINNESOTA 
The  Eastern  Terminus. 


SEPTEMBER  3rd,  1883. 


ISSUED  BY  ORDER  OF  THE  CITY  OF  ST.  PAUL. 

Compiled  by  J.  H.  HANSON. 


BROWN  &  TREACY, 

Book  Publishers  and  Printers, 

ST.  PAUL. 


,^v 


■</-/£. 


j  EDWARD  W 


THE! 


NOLAJV 


Knrthspn  FsEifin  Rminfeii 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


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rjess, 


'HE  last  half  of  the  nineteenth  century  will  always  stand  forth  in  history 
as  remarkable  for  the  conception  and  completion  of  mighty  projects, 
but,  of  the  gigantic  feats  of  engineering  and  financiering,  none  excel 
in  magnitude  and  importance  the  building  of  the  great  Northern 
Pacific  Railway,  uniting  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  the  northern  metrop- 
olis on  the  Mississippi  River,  with  the  great  northern  cities  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  and  making  her  the  gateway  to  the  Pacific  and  the  depot  and  entrepot 
of  a  commerce  continental  in  its  proportions. 

After  thirteen  years  of  struggle  and  perplexity  the  great  work  is 
achieved,  and  an  immense  area  of  the  most  valuable  of  the  public  domain  is 
summoned  to  add  its  quota  to  the  national  wealth  and  to  the  prosperity  of  the 
republic.  _  We  will  not  rehearse  here  the  well-known  history  of  the  undertak- 
ing, but  will  briefly  state  its  present  position.  In  1881  the  presidency  of  the 
road  was  with  Hon.  Frederic  Billings,  the  office  in  the  interval,  after  the  resig- 
nation of  president  Smith,  having  been  filled  successively  by  Gen.  Cass,  of  New 
York,  and  Charles  B.  Wright,  of  Philadelphia.  By  a  first  mortgage  loan  the 
entire  line  was  equipped  and  money  raised  for  its  completion.  The  credit  of 
the  road  was  fully  restored  in  1881  when  president  Yillard  added  to  his  control 
of  the  Oregon  Railway  and  Navigation  Company  the  purchase  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  by  the  aid  of  what  was  known  as  the  "blind  pool,"  a  syndicate  of 
American  and  German  capitalists  who  saw  the  importance  of  allying  the  great 
transcontinental  railway  to  the  navigation  lines  of  Puget  Sound  and  the 
Pacific.  To  perfect  the  reunion  the  Oregon  and  Transcontinental  Company  was 
organized  as  a  credit  and  trust  company,  to  which  was  given  a  majority  of  the 
stock  of  the  Northern  Pacific  and  the  Oregon  Railway  and  Navigation  Com- 
pany. The  Oregon  and  Transcontinental  also  has  a  lease  of  the  Oregon  and 
California  Railroad,  and  is  building  branch  and  feeder  lines  of  road  to  the 
Northern  Pacific.  With  the  able  lieutenancy  of  Vice  President  Thomas  F. 
Oakes,  the  new  administration  finished  the  construction  of  the  road  during 
the  years  1881-2-3,  with  such  energy  and  impetus  that  the  advancing  lines 
met  "in  August  of  the  latter  year  at  a  point  fifty  miles  west  of  Helena,  now  Known 
to  the  history  and  geography  of  the  future  as  Gold  Creek. 

v  In  1878,  upon  the  opening  of  the  road  from  Sauk  Rapids  to  St.  Paul,  the 
directors  of  the  Northern  Pacific  entered  into  an  arrangement  with  the  trust  ees 
of  the  mortgages  made  upon  this  line  by  the  St.  Paul  and  Pacific  Railroad 
Company,  and  trains  in  that  year  began  to  be  run  over  this  shortened  route  to 
St.  Paul,"  instead  of  by  the  St.  Paul  and  Duluth  road.    St.  Paul  thus  became  the 


4  THE  NOR THERN  PA  CIFIC  RAILROAD. 

eastern  terminus  of  the  road  and  gradually  the  center  from  which  the  entire 
road  was  operated.  The  terminal  properties  of  the  Northern  Pacific  at  St.  Paul 
and  Portland  are  owned  jointly  by  the  Oregon  Railway  and  Navigation  Corn- 
pan}',  the  Northern  Pacific  and  the  Oregon  and  Transcontinental,  the  former 
companies  each  owning  40  per  cent,  of  the  stock  of  the  terminal  companies 
and  the  latter  company  20  per  cent.  In  St.  Paul,  the  terminal  grounds  of  the 
company  embrace  400  acres,  valued  at  over  $1,000,000.  On  a  tract  of  thirty 
acres  convenient  to  the  various  roads  centering  in  St.  Paul,  a  Union  Passenger 
Depot  will  be  built  at  an  estimated  cost  of  $800,000,  and  with  a  capacity  five 
times  that  of  the  present  Union  Depot.  The  shops  of  the  road  will  be  erected 
on  an  180-acre  tract  a  little  out  of  the  present  center  of  the  city,  at  a  cost  of 
$l,500,0u0.  A  still  larger  purchase  recently  made,  embracing  220  acres  near 
Lake  Como,  will  be  devoted  to  freight  yards  and  the  industries  depending 
upon  the  best  shipping  facilities,  such  as  packing  houses,  elevators,  stockyards, 
etc.  These  several  improvements  in  St.  Paul  involve  the  expenditure  in  St. 
Paul  of  upwards  of  $5,000,000. 

The  Northern  Pacific  also  has  a  one-fifth  interest  in  the  Minnesota  Trans- 
fer Freight  and  Stock  Yards,  situated  about  five  miles  from  the  business  center 
of  St.  Paul.  Here  the  Northern  Pacific,  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  the 
Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha,  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  & 
Manitoba,  and  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroads,  have  established  a 
clearing  house  for  the  vast  amount  of  through  freight  passing  over  these  roads. 
The  advantage  to  the  Northern  Pacific  of  this  transfer  will  be  more  apparent 
as  the  tide  of  traffic  from  China  and  Japan  and  the  Pacific  coast  finds  its  way 
to  the  Atlantic  seaboard  over  the  northern  route.  The  Oregon  Railway  and 
Navigation  Company,  with  thirty-two  large  fine  steamships  collecting  and 
depositing  at  the  wharfs  of  the  Northern  Pacific  on  the  Columbia  River  and 
Puget  Sound  line,  produce  of  the  Pacific  coast  Avill  soon  pour  upon  the  eastern 
terminus  a  volume  of  freight  that  will  tax  present  terminal  facilities  to  their 
utmost  capacity. 

The  Northern  Pacific  Company  has  also  in  St.  Paul  a  general  office  building 
which  in  elegance,  solidity  and  practical  appointments  is  not  surpassed  in  the 
United  States.  It  is  located  on  Broadway  and  faces  up  Fourth  street,  a  most 
sightly  and  eligible  situation.  The  building  is  very  massive,  four  stories  in 
height  above  a  high  basement,  and,  in  point  of  architectural  beauty,  it  is 
extremely  attractive.  It  was  recently  completed  at  a  cost  of  over  $200,000, 
and  was  designed  by  Mr.  Bradford  L.  Gilbert  the  company's  architect  in  New 
York.  It  is  probable  that  the  president  and  vice-president  will  soon  remove 
here  from  their  present  quarters  in  New  York,  thus  centralizing  all  branches 
of  the  government  of  the  road  in  St.  Paul. 


e/icross  •  frjc  •  V^or)lir)cr)f^ 


fHE  completion  of  the  Northern  Pacific  was  celebrated  as  no  other  work 
in  this  century  has  been.  The  triumph  of  a  Roman  Emperor  would 
pale  in  magnificence  before  the  honors  paid  President  Vil.'ard  and  his 
guests  from  Europe,  and  all  part's  of  the  United  States.  The  ceiebra- 
*  tion  began  with  the  first  arrival  from  England  and  Germany  of  the 
honored  gentlemen  and  ladies,  whom  Mr.  Villard  invited  to  be  his  guests  from 
the  time  of  their  departure  on  the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic  until  their 
return.  During  the  last  week  in  August  these  guests  were  feted  in  New  York, 
and  several  excursions  to  points  in  and  about  the  metropolis  were  arranged 
with  every  regard  for  their  convenience  and  entertainment.      The  whole 


6  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

number  of  guests,  some  three  hundred,  were  welcomed  to  the  hospitalities  of 
Mr.  Villard's  special  trains  of  palace  cars,  and  the  journey  out  from  New  York 
was  made  under  the  most  delightful  auspices.  Every  comfort  and  luxury 
available  in  modern  railroading  was  supplied.  A  table  d'hote  that  would 
be  the  despair  of  a  Delmonico,  was  sustained  throughout  the  whole  journey 
across  the  continent  and  returning.  Not  a  single  experience  of  pleasure 
known  to  American  palace  car  traveling  was  withheld. 

At  the  various  cities  en  route,  the  guest  trains  were  given  enthusiastic 
receptions  and  ovations.  Chicago  entered  most  heartily  upon  the  hospitalities 
due  the  occasion;  and  Mr.  Villard  and  his  guests  were  shown  the  myriad 
sights  of  growth  and  enterprise  in  a  western  metropolis  with  a  degree  of 
attention  that  kings  and  princes  might  have  been  proud  of. 

ARRIVAL  OF  THE  GUESTS  IN  ST.   PAUL. 

According  to  the  official  time  table  issued  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Co.,  the 
guests  from  Germany  were  to  arrive  in  St.  Paul  on  Saturday,  September  1st, 
and  a  committee  consisting  of  Messrs.  Gustav  Willius,  G.  Benz,  G.  Bohn, 
W.  von  Deyn,  R.  "W.  Eltzner,  M.  Holl,  Fred  Harrsen,  Arnold  Kalman,  C.  H. 
Lienau,  W.  P.  Murray,  A.  Oppenheim,  Geo.  Keis,  Albert  Scheffer  and  C. 
Stahlmann,  were  dispatched  to  Chicago  to  meet  these  distinguished  gentlemen, 
who  were  accompanied  by  President  Villard. 

THE  GERMAN  GUESTS. 

Gen.  vonXylander,  memberof  the  German  bundesrath,  and  military  plenipotentiary  of  Bavaria 
ax  the  court  of  Berlin;  Mrs.  von  Xylander,  sister  of  Mr.  Villard. 

Col.  Emil  von  Xylander,  commander  First  Bavarian  cavalry  brigade. 

Hon.  Carl  Schiuz,  ex-Secretary  of  the  Interior,  New  York. 

Ex-Gov.  Edward  Solomon,  Gustav  Schwab,  Fred  Kechne,  Dr.  Jacoby,  New  York. 

Adolphus  Meyer,  St.  Louis. 

Dr.  Louis  Borchardt  of  Manchester,  England. 

Consul  Raschdan,  German  consul  at  New  York. 

Dr.  von  Mohl;  German  consul  at  Cincinnati. 

Ex- Gov.  Koerner  of  Illinois. 

R.  C.  Hilgard,  Belleville,  111. 

Baron  von  Eisendecher.  German  minister  at  Washington  and  Mrs.  von  Eisendecher. 

Count  Lippe  Weisendfeldt,  charge  d'affaires  of  Austria  and  Hungary. 

IJdo  Brachvogel,  New  York. 

Edward  Koelle,  consul  from  Karlsruhe. 

Dr.  Teigel,  consul  general,  New  York. 

Senator  Charles  de  Chapeaurouge,  official  representative  of  the  city  of  Luxemburg. 

Senator  Dr.  Albert  Groening,  official  representative  of  the  city  of  Bremen. 

Dr.  Max.  Weber,  official  representative  of  the  city  of  Berlin. 

Privy  Counselor  Dr.  Von  der  Leyen. 

Prof.  R.  Zittel,  rector  of  the  university  of  Munich. 

Dr.  A.  W.  Hofmann,  professor  of  chemistry,  University  of  Berlin. 

Baron  George  von  Bunser,  LL.  D.,  member  of  the  German  reichstag. 

Prof.  Dr.  Greist,  memberof  the  reichstag,  a  famous  German  jurist  and  parliamentarian. 

G.  Siemens,  LL.  D.,  director  of  the  Deutsche  Bank,  Berlin. 

Dr.  Paul  Lindeu,  a  famous  author. 

Dr.  Edward  Lasker,  a  leader  of  the  Liberal  party  in  Germany. 

Imperial  German  Consul  General  Dr.  Fei^el  of  New  York  city. 

Dr.  von  Schauss,  director  South  German  Real  Estate  bank,  Munich. 

Hon.  Rudolph  Schleiden,  LL.  D.,  ex-minister. 

Hon.  Theodore  Spaeth,  counselor,  etc. 

Dr.  Adam  Eisenlohr  of  Heidelberg 

Adolph  Froelich,  Esa.,  from  Zweibrucken. 

Lieut.  Pertz  of  the  royal  guards. 

Otto  Braunfels,  Esq.,  banker,  Frankfort-on- the- Main. 

Dr.  Oswaldt,  Darmstadt. 

Dr.  Wolfskehl,  Berlin. 

Hermann  Kreismann,  Esq.,  ex-consul-general  of  the  United  States. 

Herman  Marcuse,  Esq.,  banker. 

Hon.  Earnest  Magnus,  LL.  D.,  assessor  royal  German  government  service. 

Dr.  William  Mohr,  editor  Cologne  Gazette. 

Nicholas  Mohr,  proprietor  Weser  Zeitung,  Bremen. 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


Dr.  Richard  Oberlaender,  correspondent,  Frankfort  Gazette. 

Hern.ann  Eose,  Esq.,  director-general,  Germania  Life  Insurance  company,  Eerlin. 

Otto  Puis,  Esq.,  svndicus  of  the  Chamber  of  Commer,  e,  Fran  kfort-on-t  he- Main. 

Prof.  Dr.  von  Hoist,  privy  counselor,  author  of  the  Constitutional  History  of  the  United  States. 

Theodore  Fritsch,  Esq.,  Stetting. 

L.  Delbrueck,  Esq.,  Berlirt. 

Conrad  Dielitz,  Esq.,  Berlin,  an  artist,  who  will  paint  the  scene  when  the  last  spike  is  driven. 

Richard  Goerdeler,  Esq.,  general  agent  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  Berlin. 

AMO*STG  THEIK  GERMAN  FRIENDS. 

The  special  train  bringing  the  above  named  guests,  escorted  by  Mr. 
Villard  and  the  St.  Paul  committee,  arrived  at  the  Union  depot,  at  10  o  clock, 
on  the  morning  of  Saturday,  September  1st,  by  the  Northwestern  and  Omaha 
lines,  "The  Roval  Route."  .  ^ 

As  the  train  moved  into  the  station  these  visitors,  accompanied  by  Mr. 
Villard  in  person,  were  cordially  welcomed  by  numerous  German-born  citizens 
of  St.  Paul  amid  the  strains  of  martial  music.  Mayor  O'Brien  and  others  of 
the  citizens'  committee  were  present,  and  contributed  their  share  of  the 
hearty  welcome  extended  to  the  illustrious  visitors.  Very  little  time  was 
spent  in  formalities  as  the  stay  in  St.  Paul  was  necessarily  limited.  Carriages 
were  in  waiting,  and  the  guests  wTere  shown  to  them  by  their  hosts,  and  driven 
through  the  principal  streets  and  suburbs  of  the  city.  Wonder  and  admiration 
wrere  expressed  by  one  and  all  at  the  extent,  magnificence  and  solidity  of  the 
city;  and  when,  in  reply  to  their  questions,  they  were  told  that  St.  Paul  was  a 
"49-er"  their  wonder  was  expressed  anew.  Through  Third  street  and  up  the 
hill  to  Summit  avenue  and  its  environs,  and  thence  across  town  to  University 
avenue  and  Dayton's  bluff,  the  retinue  proceeded.  Extensive  views  of  the 
Mississippi  were  had  at  various  points  of  vantage;  and  the  admiration,  as 
expressed  by  the  spectators,  was  at  once  sincere  and  hearty.  At  half  past  12 
the  guests  were  escorted  to  "Magee's,"  where,  in  the  spacious  banqueting  hall 
a  delicious  repast,  which,  from  soup  to  fruit,  has  never  been  excelled  in  St.  Paul, 
was  served.  The  choicest  vintages  of  wines  were  abundantly  bestowed,  and 
the  feast  was  heartily  enjoved.  Pending  the  serving  of  the  dinner,  Mr.  Albert 
Wolff,  editor-in-chief  of  Die  Volkszeitung ,  delivered  the  following  address  of 
welcome: 

Our  honored  guests  from  Germany, — it  is  my  pleasant  task,  to  welcome.  German  words  of 
greeting  shall  resound  here  too  in  the  center  of  the  North  American  Continent,  here  too,  in  the 
far  off  land  of  Minnesota ! 

Minnesota!  In  song  and  legend  still  may  be  found  the  lovely  idyl  of  the  virgin  wilds.  But  it 
is  the  immense  workshop  of  a  young  civilization  which  you  now  have  entered.  The  structures 
you  behold  must  appear  to  you  as  new.  They  are,  the  eldest  having  been  begun  but  a  few  decades 
ago.  Of  the  accomplished  you  witness  much;  more,  infinitely  more  of  the  unfinished  and  the 
forthcoming. 

But  now,  above  the  chaos,  the  sun  of  triumph  is  rising.  Now,  after  a  hard  and  sometimes  un- 
certain struggle,  the  joyous  shout  of  victory  is  heard.  It  brings  the  tidings:  "The  Northern  Road 
to  the  Pacific  Ocean  is  completed.  Open  from  sea  to  sea  is  the  grand  thoroughfare  of  culture  in 
the  North  of  the  Western  World." 

Open  to  the  plough,  to  the  trade,  to  commerce  and  to  art,  is  a  new  realm.  Open,  the 
Wonderland  on  the  Yellowstone,  in  its  virgin  splendor.    What  a  success ! 

We  welcome  the  tidings  as  the  harbinger  of  a  new  era  of  nrosperity,  hitherto  bravely  contendpd 
for  but  now  secured,  as  the  final  warranty  of  the  fulfillment  of  our  belief  that  we  had  built  on  solid 
ground.  But  the  crown  of  the  moment's  gladness,  we,  the  German  citizens  of  this  city,  find,  in  the 
old  country's  sympathy.  Here  T  stand  before  its  living  proofs,  before  a  party  bearing  the  most 
illustrious  of  Germany's  names,  and  while  we  owe  a  great  deal  to  the  man  whose  energy  broke  our 
path  to  the  Pacific  shore,  we  are  his  most  willing  debtors  for  the  boon  of  your  presence. 

Be  assured,  there  is  not  a  single  German-American  in  the  assemblage  from  whose  heart  there 
will  not  be  a  jubilant  response,  when  I  say:  Gentlemen!  You,  everyone  of  whom  has  contributed 
in  his  sphere,  toward  the  acknowledgment  by  this  republic  of  Germany  as  the  power  thafc  holds 
in  its  hands  Europe's  future,  be  welcome,  all  of  you,  welcome  to  young  Minnesota. 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


io  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD, 

Hon.  Budolph  Schleiden,  LL.  D.2  minister  resident  at  Washington  of  the 
free  cities  of  Germany,  responded  in  behalf  of  the  guests  substantially  as 
follows: 

St.  Paul,  twenty-five  years  ago  could  scarcely  have  been  called  a  city.  Then  it  had  12,000  in- 
habitants and  its  surroundings  swarmed  with  Indians  and  trappers.  But  even  then  the  German 
were  an  influential  element.  At  the  time  of  the  speaker's  first  visit  to  the  city  he  had  heard  a  great 
deal  of  talk  about  its  future  greatness,  and  he  perhaps  listened  with  an  uncredulous  ear.  Now  he 
finds  that  even  the  expectations  of  then  were  more  than  fulfilled.  The  village  had  become  a 
metropolis.  What  surprised  him  most  was  the  progress  of  the  city's  wholesale  trade,  and  the  great 
number  of  names  of  German-Americans  engaged  therein.  The  West  and  especially  the  Northwest 
owes  a  great  deal  to  the  German-American  citizen,  and  he  was  glad  to  see  the  German-Americans 
of  St.  Paul,  as  was  evident  from  the  speech  of  Mr.  Wolff  and  this  reception  of  the  guests,  had 
preserved  so  warm  a  feeling  for  the  old  country.  It  is  true,  Germany  had  received  proofs  of 
this  feeling  in  1871  as  well  as  last  Spring,  through  those  liberal  contributions  for  the  sufferers 
by  the  floods;  but  warm  words  like  those  just  spoken  coming  from  and  going  to  the  heart,  were 
even  more  welcome. 

Concluding,  he  said,  he  felt  sure  that  all  the  hopes  St.  Paul  rested  upon  the  completion  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  would  be  more  than  realized.  A  German  it  was  who  had  completed  the  grand 
work.  The  Germans  of  St.  Paul  ought  to  be  proud  of  it.  The  speaker  closed  wiih  the  following 
sentiment: — "The  Germans  of  St.  Paul,  may  they  flourish  and  prosper  with  this  beautiful  city  1" 

"While  the  dessert  was  being  discussed,  Hon.  0.  H.  Lienau,  of  Die  Volk- 
zeltung,  proposed:  "The  health  of  Henry  Villard,  the  path-finder,"  which 
toast  was  received  with  great  enthusiasm,  and  to  which  Mr.  Villard  responded 
as  follows,  in  German: 

I  am  grateful,  gentlemen,  for  this  excellent  opportunity  to  thank  the  German  citizens  of 
St.  Paul  for  the  kind  and  generous  reception  which  they  have  given  my  guests  from  Germany.  It 
has  been  my  good  fortune  to  receive  considerable  satisfaction  in  the  position  which  has  fallen 
to  my  lot.  One  of  the  happiest  events  in  connection  with  my  relations  to  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad  company  is  the  fact  that  I  see  to-day  assembled  around  me  some  of  the  most  famous 
representatives  of  the  dearly-beloved  fatherland,  (Cheers.)  I  consider  it  a  great  fortune  to  me 
that  I,  a  German,  was  permitted  to  complete  the  great  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  which  was  begun 
and  started  more  than  ten  years  ago,  by  enterprising  citizens  of  my  adopted  country.  I  hope  that 
the  expectations  of  the  German  citizens  of  St.  Paul  in  particular,  and  the  people  of  the  great 
Northwest  in  general,  which  are  entertained  from  the  completion  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad, 
will  not  be  disappointed.  I,  for  myself,  have  not  the  least  doubt  that  the  results  which  will  come 
from  the  completion  of  our  road  will  meet  the  most  sanguine  expectations.  I  came  to  St.  Paul  for 
the  first  time  near  twenty-five  years  ago.  It  was  then  a  town  of  about  6,000  people.  What  it  is 
to-day  you  all  know.  And  I  think  that  the  growth  of  the  next  twenty-five  years  will  far  exceed 
that  of  the  last  twenty-five  years.  I  beg  to  again  express  my  thanks  for'this  most  flattering 
reception.  ■ 

At  the  conclusion  of  Mr.  Villard's  remarks  the  company  dispersed,  the 
visitors  accompanied  by  their  hosts,  and  receiving,  during  their  stay  in  St.  Paul, 
the  closest  attention  of  their  fellow-countrymen  resident  here.  At  9  o'clock 
on  Saturday  evening  the  German  guests  arrived  at  St.  Paul's  great  summer 
palace,  Hotel  LaFayette,  at  Minnetonka  Beach,  where  princely  arrangements 
had  been  made  for  their  entertainment.  There  the  Sunday  was  passed  in 
needful  rest  and  the  quiet  reception  of  visiting  friends  and  countrymen. 

ENGLISH  AND   AMERICAN  GUESTS. 

On  the  afternoon  of  Saturday,  September  1st,  three  trains  of  splendid 
cars,  completing  the  royal  railroad  procession  of  four  sections,  left  Chicago 
en  route  for  the  eastern  terminus  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Kail  way,  St.  Paul. 

One  train  consisting  of  elegant  private  cars  bore  the  guests  from  England 
and  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant.    Following  are  the  English  visitors: 

Earl  and  Countess  of  Onslow. 

Earl  of  Dalhousie. 

Lord  Carrington. 

The  Hon.  St.  John  Brodrick  and  Lady  Hilda  Brodrick. 

The  Right  Hon.  Sir  Arthur  Hobhouse,  Privy  Councilor. 

Lord  Justice  Sir  Charles  Bowen  (Lord  Justice  of  Appeals). 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


12  THE  NOR THERN  PA CIFIC  RAILROAD. 

The  Right  Hon.  Sir  James  Hannen,  Member  of  Privy  Council,  President  Probate,  Divorce  and 
Admiralty  Division  of  the  High  Court  of  Justice. 

Sir  \V.  Brampton  Gurdon,  of  Her  Majesty's  Treasury. 
The  Hon.  Albert  H.  G.  Grey,M.  P. 
The  Hon.  Chas.  Russell,  Q.  C.  M.  P. 
Horace  Davey,  Esq.,  Q.  C,  M.  P. 
--Professor  James  Bryce,  M.  P. 
Henry  Kdwards,  Esq.,  M.  P. 
John  Hclmes,  Esq.,  M.  P. 

■  Norwood,  Esq.,  M.  P. 

Albert  Pell,  Esq.,  M.  P. 

Sanivel  G.  Rathbone,  Esq.,  M.  P. 

Hen  y  B.  Samuelson,  Esq.,  M.  P. 

Francis  Buxton,  Esq;,  M.  P. 

Colonel  Alan  Gardner. 

The  Rev.  S.  A.  Sieinthal,  Manchester. 

Dr.  Louis  Borchardt,  Fallowfield,  near  Manchester. 

Yicary  Gibbs,  Esq.,  of  the  firm  of  Anthony  Gibbs  &  Sons,  London  and  Liverpool. 

McLeod,  Esq. 

-    Bryce,  Esq. 

Benson,  Esq.  ' 

R.  P.  Ebden,  of  the  Colonial  Office. 

Geo.  B.  Bruce,  Vice-President,  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers,  London, 

The  second  train  contained  a  party  of  Americans  in  charge  of  Mr.  E.  V. 
Smalley,  editor  of  The  Northwest,  and  consisted  of  two  Northern  Pacific  dining 
cars  and  seven  Pullman  sleepers.  The  third  train  was  occupied  by  another 
party  of  Americans,  escorted  by  J.  T.  Odell,  Assistant  General  Manager  of  the 
Northern  Pacific,  and  a  commttee  of  St.  Paul  citizens.  This  train  had  two 
dining  cars  and  eight  handsome  sleeping  cars. 

These  trains  proceeded  immeaiately  to  Minnetonka  Beach,  all  arriving  in 
good  season  on  Sunday  morning,  and  the  guests  were  speedily  assigned  quarters 
in  the  palatial  Hotel  LaFayette,  which  had  been  placed  at  their  disposal  by 
the  city  of  St.  Paul.  The  day  was  greatly  enjoyed  at  the  beautiful  lake,  many 
of  the  distinguished  guests  indulging  in  a  pleasant  voyage,  many  receiving 
friends,  and  all  passing  a  quiet,  restful  day,  preparatorv  to  participating  in  the 
series  of  fetes,  banquets  and  ovations  which  were  to  so  quickly  follow. 

The  following  United  States  officials  were  of  the  party: 

The  Hon.  H.  M.  Teller,  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 
The  Hon.  B.  H.  Brewster,  Attorney  General. 

The  Hon.  L.  Sackville  West,  British  Minister  (accompanied  bv  his  daughter.) 
Count  Lippe-Weissenfeld,  Charge  d'Aff'aires  of  Austria-Hungary. 
Count  Carl  Steen  Anderson  de  Bille,  Danish  Minister, 
Count  de  Bildt,  Charge  d' Affaires  of  Sweden  and  Norway. 
Baron  von  Eisendecher,  German  Minister. 

The  Hon.  W.  H.  Armstrong,  United  States  Railway  Commissioner. 
The  Rev.  William  Alvin  Bartlett,  pastor  New  York  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church. 
A.  E.  Bateman,  banker. 
Walker  Blaine,  son  of  the  ex-Secretary. 
The  Hon.  John  Davis,  Assistant  Secretary  of  State. 
E.  M.  Dawson,  Interior  Department. 
The  Hon.  R.  A.  Elmer,  Assistant  Postmaster-General. 
The  Hon.  Walter  Evans,  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue. 
The  Hon.  Henry  F.  French,  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
James  F.  Hood,  Chief  Clerk  Appointment  Division,  Interior  Department. 
The  Hon.  Noah  McFarland,  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office. 
C.  A.  Maxwell,  Chief  Land  Division,  General  Land  Office. 
n   Clayton  McMichael,  United  States  Marshal. 

General  A.  D.  Hazen,  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General. 

Captain  John  Mullan. 

The  Hon.  John  C.  New,  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasurv. 

Major  W.  S.  Peabody. 

Major  O.  L.  Pruden,  Assistant  Secretary  Executive  Mansion. 

Luther  Harrison,  Chief  Clerk,  General  Land  Office. 

W.  W.  Upton,  Second  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury. 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


!3 


14  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


^JARLY  in  August,  1883,  the  announcement  was  promulgated  from  the 
Bi  l    New  York  headquarters  that  on  the  8th  of  September  the  two  sections 

fh  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway,  one  east  from  Portland,  Oregon  and 
the  other  west  from  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  would  be  united,  and  the  Golden 
Spike,  that  was  to  complete  the  immense  work  of  binding  together  tre 
two  great  oceans,  would  be  driven  at  "Gold  Creek,"  Montana,  which  is  50  miles 
west  of  Helena,  1,204  miles  west  of  St.  Paul,  and  800  miles  east  of  the  Pacific 
ocean. 

It  was  further  announced  that  to  celebrate  the  remarkable  event,  the 
president  of  the  company,  Henry  Villard,  would  proceed  to  the  point  desig- 
nated, accompanied  by  a  party  of  about  500  guests,  including  prominent  men 
from  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  Europe.  The  guests  were  invited  to 
rendezvous  at  St.  Paul  on  September  3d,  and  special  trains  from  different  points 
were  to  be  supplied  to  convey  them  to  this  metropolis.  The  company  felt  this 
so  important  an  affair  as  to  expend  nearly  $250,000  in  carrying  it  out ! 

The  people  of  St.  Paul  immediately  "decided  that  so  important  an  event 
merited  the  most  cordial  recognition  possible,  and  arrangements  were  at  once 
commenced  to  receive  and  entertain  the  distinguished  guests  on  a  scale  of 
magnificence  never  before  dreamed  of  in  this  new  and  busy  city.  The  great- 
est enthusiasm  was  aroused,  and  it  became  universal.  All  entered  with  spirit 
into  the  work  and  evinced  a  determination  to  produce  a  celebration  commen- 
surate with  the  occasion,  and  worthy  of  the  city  which  is  the  eastern  terminus 
and  distributing  point  for  the  vast  wealth  which  the  immense  thoroughfare  is 
to  disclose  and  make  available;  the  metropolis  which  is  to  exchange  its  goods 
'and  wares  for  the  productions  of  the  vast  fertile  wheat  areas,  the  broad  cattle 
ranges,  and  the  rich  treasures  of  the  mines  of  the  broad,  royal  domain 
between  the  Mississippi  River  and  the  Pacific  Ocean;  and  which,  by  this  splen- 
did^ line  of  railway  is  to  come  into  direct  communication  with,  not  only  the 
entire  extent  of  the  Pacific  slope,  in  North  America,  from  the  frozen  fields  of 
the  north  to  the  sunny  orchards  and  fruitful  vineyards  of  the  south,  but  with 
those  great  foreign  empires  beyond  the  sea,  whose  traffic  with  our  fair  repub- 
lic is  almost  limitless.  It  is  not  then  a  matter  for  wonder  that  the  people  to  be 
thus  lavishly  benefited,  rejoiced,  and  sought  to  do  high  honor  to  the  man  who 
had  contributed  so  largely  to  their  prosperity  and  growth,  and  ushered  in  the 
acheivement,  which  caused  an  United  States  Senator  recently  to  predict  that 
St.  Paul  was  destined  to  become  the  third  commercial  city  on  the  continent. 

THE  PATEIOTISM  OF  THE  PEOPLE 

was  so  universal,  and  all  displayed  such  anxiety  to  assist  in  a  grand  festival, 
that  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  took  prompt  action  and  advised  a  public 
reception.  On  August  16th  the  city  council,  recognizing  the  importance  of  the 
occasion,  and  respecting  the  desires  of  the  people,  voted  to  invite  Mr.  Villard 
and  his  guests  to  accept  the  hospitality  of  the  municipality,  to  attend  a  recep- 
tion in  the  morning  and  partake  of  a  banquet  in  the  evening  of  Monday,  Sep- 
tember 3d.  Prompt  action  followed,  and  the  following  committees  were 
appointed  to  perfect  arrangements  for  a  grand  ovation: 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 


Mayor  C.  D.  O'Brien, 
P  H.  Kelly, 
Wm.  A.  Van  Slyke, 
Thos.  Cochran,  Jr.,  Sec'y, 


Albert  Scheffer, 
Hon.  Ed. Rice, 
Gates  A.  Johnson 


Jno.  B.  Sanborn, 
E.  C.  Starkey, 
Gustav  Willi  us. 


COMMITTTEE  ON  RECEPTION  AND  PROGRAMME. 


C.  D.  O'Brien,  Ch'n, 
Norman  W.  Kittson, 
J.  H.  Stewart, 
Alexander  Ramsey, 

D.  A.  Robertson, 
William  Dawson, 
John  Dowlan, 
Charles  E.  Otis, 
Wm.  A.  Van  Slyke, 
George  L.  Becker, 
John  S.  Prince, 
Edmund  Rice, 
Joseph  Robert, 

W.  D.  Cornish, 
I.  B.  St.  Peter, 
H.  H.  Sibley, 
John  B.  Sanborn, 
William  Lindeke, 
A.  Wolff, 
Arthur  Koenig, 
P.  H.  Kelly, 
M.  Holl, 

Ricbards  Gordon, 
George  L.  Farwell, 
John  L.  Merriam, 
A.  S.  Cowley, 
David  Day, 
H.  P.  Hall, 
C.  K.  Davis, 
J.  J.  Hill, 
F.  Willius, 
Theo.  Hamm, 
C.  H.  Lienau, 
J.  H.  Allen, 
C.  E.  Mayo, 
C.  P.  Noyes, 

E.  F.  Drake, 
William  Macauley, 
Charles  H.  Bigelow, 
Frank  B.  Howell, 


J.  P.  Larkin, 

W.  J.  Dyer, 

J.  L.  Forepaugh, 

Robert  Mannbeimer, 

Herman  Greve, 

C.  B.  Thurston, 

J.  B.  Olivier, 

John  Summers, 

J.  P.  Gribben, 

A.  S.  Elfelt, 

E.  S.  Norton, 

Ferdinand  Ifarsen, 

A.  G.  Foster, 

W,  F.  Davidson, 

8.  M.  Carey, 

J.  W.  McClung, 

P.  R.  L.  Hardenbergh, 

J.  H;  Weed, 

H.  T.  Drake, 

A.  De  Graft, 
Paul  Hauser,  Jr 
Henry  Hale, 

B.  Kuhl, 

R.  T.  O'Connor, 
R.  A.  Smith, 

E.  C.  Starkey, 
John  B.  Brisbin, 
William  Lee, 

'  W.  P.  Murray, 
Louis  Fischer, 
Gates  A.  Johnson, 

A.  Allen, 

W.  R.  Marshall, 
R.  W,  Johnson, 
M.  Auerbach, 

F.  Knauft, 
Jacob  Mainzer, 

B.  Beaupre, 

C.  D.  Strong, 
W.  L.  Banning, 


JohnT.  Averilli 
A.  S.  Tallmadge, 
Peter  Berkey, 
L.  E.  Reed, 
W.  A.  Culbertson, 
H.  A.  C.istle, 
H.  M.  Rice, 
Albert  Scheffer, 
C.  Gotzian, 
George  Benz, 
Frank  Breuer, 
L.  H.  Maxfield, 
W.  B.  Dean, 
A.  J.  Powers, 
A.  H.  Wilder, 
C  D.  Gilfillan, 
H.  C.  Burbank, 

F.  Driscoll, 

H.  S.  Fairchild, 
S.  S.  Glidden. 
John  Matheis. 
J.  C.  Quinby, 
T.  P.  Wilson, 
Charles  Mcllrath, 
H.  J.  Horn, 
S.  S.  Eaton, 
H.  E.  Thompson, 
Russell  Blakely, 
Thomas  Grace, 
T.  C.  Field, 
Dennis  Ryan, 
H.  M.  Smyth, 

D.  D.  Merrill, 
Albert  Armstrong, 
H.  Sahlgaard, 

E.  E.  Hughson, 

G.  V.  Bacon, 
J.  J.  Egan, 

J,  G.  Donnelly, 
James  Starkey. 


COMMITTE  ON  FINANCE. 


John  B.  Sanborn,  Ch'n, 
Albert  Scheffer, 


P.  H.  Kelly, 
D.  W.  Ingersoll, 


Thomas  Cochran,  Jr., 

Secretary. 


COMMITTEE  ON   DECORATION. 


W.  A.  Van  Slyke,  Ch'n, 
Qua  Gilbert, 

R,  W.  Eltzner, 
E.  C.  Starkey, 
R.  O.  Sweeny, 
Howard  Elmer, 
G.  Wirth, 
A.  Koenig, 
Emil  W.  Ulrici, 


A.  M.  Doherty, 
Edward  Corning, 
K.  Clark, 
Otto  Dreher, 
C,  H.  Johnson, 
Chas.-  Passavant, 
J.  K.  Taylor, 
Karl  Betz, 
W.  H.  Lightner. 


L.  W.  Rundlett, 
John  J.  Penner, 

F.  M.  Towar, 
H.  S.  Treherne, 
J.  J.  McCardy, 
W.  S.  Morton, 
O.  Schwarzbach, 

G.  H.  Hazzard, 


j6 


THE  NORTHERN'  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


Hon.  Edmund  Rice,  Ch'n, 

F.  B.  Clarke, 

W.  R.  Marshall, 

A.  B.  Stickney, 

D.  W.  Ingersoll, 

H.  M.  Knox. 


R.  M.  Newport, 
D.  A.  Monfort, 
R.  A.  Smith, 
F.  R.  Delano, 
Gates  A.  Johnson, 
A.  Allen.  fc 


Ch'n, 


COMMITTEE  ON  INVITATIONS. 

P.  H.  Kelly, 
J.  Oppenheim, 
George  R    Finch, 
W.  P.  Murrav, 
John  B.  Sanborn, 


COMMITTEE  ON  BANQUET. 

William  Crooks, 
J.  W.  Bishop, 
R.  W.  Johnson, 
E.  S.  Bean. 
W.  H.  Sanborn, 


M.  D.  Flower, 
Albert  Schefler, 
H.  A.  Castle, 
George  L.  Becker, 
D.  R.  Noyes. 


Stanford  Newel, 
E.  C.  Starkey, 
G.  C.  Squires, 
C.  W.  Mclntyre, 
Crawford  Livingston. 


Earnestly  and  energetically  did  the  committees  devote  themselves  to 
their  duties  and  they  were  heartily  seconded  by  all  the  other  citizens.  But 
little  more  than  two  weeks  were  available  for  the  preparations,  and  some 
feared  that  it  would  be  impossible  in  so  short  a  time  to  acnieve  a  result  as  per- 
fect as  was  decided  upon.  The  busy  people  of  the  metropolis  were  little  given 
to  grand  displays,  but  on  this  occasion  it  was  the  universal  determination  to 
indulge  in  a  grand  dress  parade,  and  the  result  exceeded  the  anticipations  of 
the  most  sanguine  and  confident.  Promptly  and  with  the  utmost  discipline 
the^  various  committees  proceeded  with  their  assigned  labors,  reporting  with 
military  precision  to  the  executive  board,  daily.  Announcements  in  the  daily 
papers  informed  the  public  of  the  progress  of  the  work,  and  the  people  re- 
sponded with  alacrity  to  all  requisitions  made  upon  them.  Mayor  O'Brien 
published  a  request  that  all  business  be  suspended  on  the  day  of  the  celebra- 
tion and  it  was  invariably  respected.  In  all  parts  of  the  city  preparations 
were  quietly  progressing.  Painters  were  industriously  at  work  on  banners, 
mottoes,  flyers,  etc.  Decorators  were  designing  and  manufacturing  the  most 
"beautiful  and  appropriate  ornamentations.  Mechanics  were  busily  preparing 
'great  wagons  for  the  procession.  Mammoth  arches  were  in  process  of  con- 
struction at  various  points,  and  in  short,  everybody  was  active  in  contributing 
to  the  coming  festival.  The  result  was,  that  on  the  morning  of  the  3d  of  Sep- 
tember the  sunarose  upon  a  city  in  grand  holiday  attire.  Over  an  area  of  at 
least  five  miles  in  diameter  the  buildings  were  almost  entirelv  concealed  be- 
neath a  bewildering  mass  of  elaborate  decorations,  and  far  out  on  the  beauti- 
ful hills  that  surround  the  city,  thousands  of  the  handsome  residences  wore 
becoming  emblems  of  rejoicing,  while  even  the  trees  in  their  brilliant  fall 
foliage  seemed  desirous  to  assist  in  the  grand  display. 

ON  THE  BUSINESS  STREETS 

through  which  the  procession  was  to  pass,  there  was  not  a  building  devoid  of 
decoration.  The  lolty  blocks  were  festooned  from  sidewalk  to  eaves  With 
bright-hued  materials,  while  cunningly  wrought  emblems,— stars,  wreaths, 
anchors,  etc.— appeared  at  intervals,  and  flags  of  all  nations,  intermingled  with 
bright  pennons  bearing  the  legend  "N.  P.  K.  P.,"  floated  from  windows  and 
housetops.  Even  to  the  summits  of  the  great  six-story  blocks  the  work  of  em- 
bellishment had  been  carried  and  the  lesser  buildings  were,  if  possible,  more 
lavishly  arrayed.  At  r  o  point  could  the  eve  be  directed  without  encountering 
some  bright  and  beautiful  object,  and  at  every  point  appeared  those  little  flut- 
tering pennons  bearing  the  magic,  characters,  "N.  P.  P.  P.,"— over  one 
hundred  thousand  being  displayed.  'Here  and  there  appeared  rows  of  small 
green  trees  along  the  outer  edge  of  the  sidewalk,  marking  the  establishmem 
of  some  German  citizen,  who  had  not  forgotten  a  pretty  custom  of  his  father- 
land.   At  nearly  every  store  large  shields  or  panels,  bordered  with  green 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS.  i7 

foliage,  or  bright  colors,  and  bearing  appropriate  inscriptions  were  placed  over 
the  doors.  Show  windows  were  elaborately  dressed,  the  rich  and  vaiied 
Is  being  displayed  in  designs  suited  to  the  occasion.  The  two  sides  of  the 
its  were  united  by  streamers  of  many  hues;  mammoth  flags  hung  over  the 
thoroughfare,  and  massive  banners  bearing  words  of  hearty  welcome  or  suitable 
inscriptions,  assisted  in  forming  the  roof  of  an  enormous  arch,  the  bright  rays  of 
the  sun  penetrating,  and  glorifying  the  gorgeous  scene.  And  this  bewilder- 
ing display,  this  brilliant,  triumphal,  arched  pathway  extended  a  distanci 
at  least  six  miles  without  a  hiatus*  excelling,  as  was  freely  admitted  by  thousands 
of  visitors,  anything  of  a  similar  character  ever  before  exhibited  in  the  same 
area  in  the  continent.  No  description  could  do  justice  to  it,  and  any  attempt 
to  specify  the  individual  efforts  would  be  to  undertake  the  impossible."  Each 
and  every  citizen  contributed  to  the  display,  and  the  following  excellent, 
although  necessarily  incomplete,  description  from  the  Pioneer  Press  must 
suffice: 

A  GLANCE  AT  THE  DECORATIONS. 

Old  Fort  Street  (now  Seventh),  west  of  the  Seven  Corners,  was 
decorated  to  the  street  car  barns,  a  distance  of  two  miles.  The  new  block 
of  Faber  &  Gilfillan  was  fairly  covered  with  bunting,  and  the  St.  Paul  House 
and  Gross'  hotel  were  covered  with  flags.  At  the  Seven  corners  Max  Strouse, 
Fishbein  Bros.,  Wagner  &  Gassen,  A.  P.  Wilkes,  Mandehr  &  Grein,  and  the 
Valley  House  each  were  very  appropriately  and  neatly  arrayed.  Here  the  first 
glimpse  of  Third  Street  was  had,  and  in  the  first  block  the  decorations  of  Cor- 
lies,  Chapman  &  Drake,  John  Foos,  Ocobock  and  F.  Brunhoff,  were  notable. 
From  Paul  Faber's  were  stretched  across  the  street  magnificent  festoons  of  oak 
leaves,  forming  a  double  arch,  within  which  were  words  of  welcome  in  German 
verse.  From  the  intersection  of  Franklin  Street  to  the  Metropolitan  Hotel  the 
effort  had  been  well  directed,  and  every  front  was  a  picture.  Here  were 
found  artitsic  endeavors  by  Dr.  Markoe  and  Dr.  Davenport,  while  Frank 
Werner's  place  had  a  decidedly  unique  verse  (in  German)  addressed  to  Vill&rd, 
the  import  of  which  was,  liberally  translated: 

"Villard's  great  work  is  done. 
Therefore  we  celebrate; 
And  I  a  little  decorate." 

At  the  intersection  of  Washington  Street  were  festoons  of  oak  across  the 
street  supporting  the  inscription: 

"  Hurrah  for  the  men  to  whom  we  owe  the  N.  P.!  '* 

At  George  Benz  &  Co.'s  were  many  inscriptions,  among  them:  'The 
empire  of  the  Northwest  greets  Villard  and  his  friends;"  "Hail  President  Mi- 
lan! and  his  work,"  etc.  From  Washington  Street  to  Wabasha  every  foot  of 
Wall  space  was  utilized  for  bunting  or  evergreens.  W.  W.  Kimball  &  Co.'s 
effort  was  simply  beautiful;  a  magnificent  flag,  the  largest  in  the  city,  covered 
nearly  the  whole  three-story  front.  Karl  Simmon,  C.  B.  Thurston,  Auerbach, 
Finch  &  Van  Slyck,  American  News  Company,  Stone  &  Shaw,  E.  C'aa 
James  Dav-nport,  the  Ninety-nine  Cent  Store,  Myers  &  Finch,  Grote's  Tivoli 
and  Lambie  &  Bethune  contributed  largely  to  the  beautiful  display  at  this 
point. 

LOOKING  UP  ST.    PETER  STREET. 

From  the  foot  of  St.  Peter  Street,  looking  north,  the  Windsor  Hotel 
loomed  up  grandly.  Every  one  of  its  numerous  balconies  was  heavy  with 
evergreens  and  colors  and  from  its  flagstaff  floated  countless  streamers.  At 
Bridge  Square  a  fine  effect  was  produced  by  utilizing  the  electric  light  ma 
a  gigantic  May  pole,  from  which  hung  the  colors  of  all  nations,  while  from  the 
cross-trees  were  displayed  the  American,   English,   German,    Bavarian  and 


18  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

French  flags.  At  this  point  the  most  striking  effect  was  presented  by  the  view 
up  Wabasha  and  down  Third  Street.  Passing  down  Third,  the  Ingersoll  block,, 
the  Tribune  pavilion,  Nathan  Lyons,  Lindeke,  Ladd  &  Co.,  John  Matheis,. 
W.  F.  Mason,  T.  S.  McManus  &  Co.,  and  the  Hartford  Insurance  Company, 
each  presented  special  features.  T.  S.  McManus  &  Co.  arranged  candies  so 
that  the  colors  not  only  represented  the  American  flag,  but  those  of  all 
nations.  "N.  P.  R.  R."  was  beautifully  presented  in  confections.  The  St. 
James  Hotel  was  tastefully  draped,  and  adjoining,  the  firm  of  Albrecht  &  Bro. 
made  a  magnificent  display  by  combining  various  robes  and  skins  of  animals 
so  as  to  represent  the  national  colors.  P.  T.  Kavanagh  presented  a  decidedly 
unique  and  artistic  cartoon  with  two  railroad  engines  meeting,  the  smoke  of 
one  describing  in  fantastic  letters  "Portland,"  and  the  other  "St.  Paul."  A 
motto  surmounted  his  establishment  which  read: 

"N.  P.  stock  is  up  to-day, 
And  there  it  will  remain!" 

Pollock,  Donaldson  &  Ogden  and  the  St.  Paul  Rubber  company  made 
heavy  displays  of  colors;  and  M.  F.  Kennedy  &  Bros.'  establishment  had  a. 
magnificent  elk  head  for  a  figure-head,  about  which  the  colors  were  profusely 
draped.  W.  R.  Burkhard  and  Bristol,  Smith  &  Freeman  made  their  places  very 
beautiful,  and  P.  F.  Egan  strung  a  fine  cartoon  across  the  way,  the  salient 
idea  of  which  was  an  enormous  ring  wTith  a  diamond  setting,  representing  St. 
Paul,  and  the  inscription: 

"The  jewel  of  St.  Paul's  commercial  supremacy  is  firmly  set." 

Eagan,  the  clothier,  had  a  comic  figure  dressed  after  the  Yankee  style,  with 
a  gripsack  in  his  hand,  upon  which  wras  emblazoned:  "Bound  for  Portland 
over  the  N.  P."  A  very  appropriate  decoration  presented  by  the  Pioneer 
Press,  consisted  of  a  huge  map  of  the  line  of  the  Northern  Pacific,  reaching  the 
entire  width  of  the  building.  The  map  not  only  represented  the  exact  route 
of  the  road,  but  also  presented  the  names  of  all  the  important  towns.  Upon 
the  map  was  lettered: 

"The  Pioneer  Press  covers  the  field.  Thanks  to  Henry  Villard  and  predecessors.  St.  Paul 
shakes  hands  with  Portland." 

A  BEAUTIFUL  BLOCK. 

By  very  many  the  decorations  of  the  Mannheimer  block  were  pronounced 
the  most  beautiful  of  any  along  the  entire  route.  The  display  in  the  show 
windows  would  have  done  credit  to  Stewart's  in  its  palmiest  days,  and  from 
the  top  of  the  fine  edifice  down,  at  each  successive  story,  were  the  finest  of 
silk  bunting  flags,  representing  America,  England  and  Germany  respectively. 
The  National  German-American  Bank  windows  were  finely  draped.  Sattler 
Bros,  presented  a  first-class  showing,  and  William  Lee's  balconies  were  heavy 
with  drapings.  Within  his  windows  were  huge  monograms,  "N.  P.  R.  R., 
and  "H.  V."  surrounded  by  the  Bavarian  colors.  The  First  National  Bank, 
Ransom  &  Horton,  Biggs,  Forney's  Hotel,  Miller  Bros.,  Clark  &  Frost,  Savings 
Bank  of  St.  Paul,  W.  L.  Anderson,  Boston  Clothing  House,  St.  Paul  Book 
Company,  and  Whitman,  Frye  &  Co.,  each  did  their  best  to  rival  the  street  in 
a  magnificent  and  liberal  display  of  colors.  The  Dispatch  and  Volkszeitung 
presented  a  fine  balcony,  and  at  McLeod's  restaurant  a  fine  arch  of  welcome 
spanned  the  sidewalk.  Frohne  &  Mansfield,  John  H.  Schultz  &  Macdonald 
and  Adam  Fetsch  each  presented  notable  adornments.  The  Merchants' 
National  Bank  emblazoned  "N.  P.  R.  R.,  Welcome,"  and  displayed  a  large 
number  of  Grand  Army  flags.  The  Union  Ticket  Office  and  all  of  the  small 
buildings  on  the  wTest  side  cf  Jackson  and  Fourth  Streets  were  simply  a  mass 
of  colors.  The  Merchants  Hotel  Balconies  all  displayed  Northern  Pacific  flags, 
and  the  new  Drake  block  opposite  was  one  of  the  most  attractive  blocks  on 


2o  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

the  street.  From  this  building  to  the  opposite  side  of  Third  Street  were 
stretched  the  finest  American  and  English  flags  that  floated  in  the  city,  each 
flag  bearing  appropriate  mottoes  of  welcome.  Forepaugh  &  Tarbox  and  P.  R. 
L.  Hardenbergh  made  immense  displays,  while  the  Lockhardt  block  was 
magnificent  in  its  countless  flags  of  all  description.  C.  Gotzian  &  Co.,  Hoxsie 
&  Jaggar  and  B.  Kuhl  &  Go.  were  a  veritable  blaze  of  glory.  Merrell,  Sahlgaard 
&  Th wing  showed  "N.  P.  R.  R."  in  gigantic  letters  composed  entirely  of  small 
flags  and  evergreens ;  the  effect  being  very  fine.  Maxfield  &  Seabury  presented 
splendidly  arranged  columns  of  colors  with  interminable  streamers  and  flags  of 
all  nations.  The  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Manitoba  Ticket  Office  was  beauti- 
fully decorated  withjn  and  without.  The  Allen,  Moon  &  Co.  and  P.  H.  Kelly  & 
Co.  buildings  were  nearly  all  flags,  and  J.  F.  Vitt  and  Beaupre,  Keogh  &  Co., 
Glidden,  Griggs  &  Co.  and  Yanz  &  Howes  all  showed  up  well.  Young, 
Streissguth  &  Drake  decked  their  establishment  in  beautiful  and  dostly  furs, 
and  Campbell  &  Burbank's  windows  were  very  attractive.  Over  their  doorway 
was  "Villard"  in  living  green  ietters  of  enormous  size.  The  Minnesota  Home, 
Manitoba  House,  A.  Pugh's  and  B.  D.  Buford  &  Co.  vied  with  each  other  to 
render  the  vicinity  of  Third  Street  and  Broadway  beautiful. 

THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  BUILDINGS. 

The  Northern  Pacific  General  Offices  were  simply  decked;  more  with 
modesty  than  any  thing  else.  There  was  evident  intent  not  to  make  the 
display  pronounced.  A  few  festoons  of  evergreens  graced  the  front  of  the 
edifice,  and  the  gateways  to  the  basement  were  arched  with  the  living  green. 
The  main  entrance  was  guarded  on  the  right  by  a  bear  hid  among  cedar 
boughs,  and  upon  the  left  was  a  beautiful  deer,  just  in  the  act  of  jumping. 
Within  the  portal  a  fine  crayon  of  Villard  appeared,  surrounded  by  heads  of 
buffalo,  elk,  etc.  Sheaves  of  various  grains  flanked  the  walls,  and  over  the 
doorways  to  each  office  were  boughs  of  cedar  and  other  evergreens.  The 
entire  arrangement,  both  without  and  within,  was  simple,  yet  beautiful,  and 
becoming  to  the  hero  of  the  hour. 

THE  OMAHA  OFFICES. 

The  Omaha  General  Offices  were  magnificentty  decked  and  draped,  and 
together  with  their  special  arch  (described  in  detail  elsewhere),  were  as 
pleasing  a  sight  as  the  line  of  march  presented. 

The  Duluth  General  Offices  presented  a  fine  banner,  strung  clear  across 
the  street,  upon  which  was  inscribed: 

"Congratulations  and    welcome  to  Villard  and  the  Northern  Pacific  from  the  Duluth  &  St. 
Paul  Railway." 

Averill,  Russell  &  Carpenter  decorated  largely,  and  Kellogg,  Tohnson  &  Co. 
presented  a  most  attractive  display  of  silk  bunting,  fairly  enveloping  the 
Building. 

THE    MANITOBA  OFFICES. 

The  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Manitoba  put  its  best  foot  forward,  and  th© 
result  was  a  magnificent  display.  A  huge  banner,  beneath  which  pended  the 
national  colors,  was  emblazoned  with  two  hands  grasped,  one  hand  labeled 
"N.  P.  R.  R.,"  and  the  other  "St.  P.  M.  &  M."  Above  the  hands  was 
"St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Manitoba,"  and  beneath  "Welcome." 

The  C.  E.  Dickerman  block,  Minnesota  Shoe  Company,  Shutte's  block, 
George  D.  Barnard  &  Co.,  B.  Sommers  &  Co.,  N.  E.  Soloman,  Gordopi  & 
Ferguson,  Farwell,  Ozmun  &  Jackson,  Breuer  &  Rhodes,  Strong,  Hackett  & 
Co.,  Berkey,  Tallmadge  &  Co.,  and  Holl  &  Paar,  each  contributed  largely  to 
make  lower   Fourth   Street   beautiful.    Reaching   Sibley     Street  the    great 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS.  21 

establishments  of  Auerbach,  Finch  &  Van  Slyck  and  Lindeke,  Warner  & 
Schurmeier  were  decked  throughout  their  entire  fronts  with  miles  of  bunting 
and  hundreds  upon  hundreds  of  flags.  Noyes  Bros.  &  Cutler,  Chas.  R.  Gron, 
Schmidt  &  Miller  and  Craig,  Larkin  &  Smith  assisted  to  make  Sibley  Street 
worthy  of  its  name.  Returning  to  Fourth  Street,  Albrecht,  Lanpher  &  Finch 
made  a  splendid  display  of  robes,  furs,  etc.,  and  from  the  horns  of  a  prodigious 
buffalo  ran  stringers  from  which  the  tails  of  nearly  all  fur-bearing  animals  were 
suspended.  J.  Oppenheim  &  Co.  made  a  showing  of  colors  and  Mayo  &  Clark 
vied  with  the  Davidson  block,  at  the  corner  of  Fourth  and  Jackson,  where 
Fairchild  &  Son  presented  a  number  of  inscriptions,  among  which  were:  - 

"St.  Paul,  population  1883,  100,000.    In  1893  will  be  250,000." 

"Villard  to  St.  Paul:  Into  thy  lap,  O  City  of  Promise,  I  will  bear  the  products  of  the  bound- 
less and  fertile  lands  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Pacific,  and  the  far  off  lands  of  China  and  Japan 
shall  contribute  to  thy  wealth  and  power  until  thou  art  indeed  the  Queen  City  of  the 
Northwest." 

Up  Jackson  Street  to  Seventh,  although  off  the  line  of  march,  the  decora- 
tions were  profuse. 

SEVENTH  STREET. 

This  great  retail  thoroughfare  was  a  magnificent  spectacle  for  miles.  The 
decorations  were  rich,  profuse,  and  generally  of  flags  and  evergreens  without 
special  attempt  at  features,  The  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  stretched  a 
welcoming  banner  across  the  street,  and  it  bore  a  patriotic  sentiment  to  the 
effect  that  the  G.  A.  R.*  was  ever  ready  to  back  anything  which  helped  to 
bind  the  nations  together,  especially  such  a  strong  girder  as  the  Northern 
Pacific.  From  lower.  Seventh  to  Wabasha  everything  was  more  or  less 
decorated,  and  when  that  thoroughfare  was  reached  it  presented  a  brilliant 
scene  from  the  capitol  the  entire  distance  to  Third  Street. 

THE  CAPITOL. 

The  stars  and  stripes  floated  gracefully  from  the  staff  over  the  main 
entrance  to  the  capitol,  and  over  the  doorway  was  emblazoned  "Welcome," 
surmounted  by  American  and  Bavarian  colors  commingled.  Heads  of  elk  and 
buffalo  assisted  the  general  ornamentation,  which  was  not  excessive  but 
decidedly  neat  and  artistic.  The  residences  about  the  capitol  were  properly 
draped,  and  all  the  streets  centering  in  that  locality  Dore  the  prevailing 
evidences  of  joy.  The  Globe  Office  on  Wabasha  Street  presented  a  banner 
on  which  wras  a  large  globe  and  the  inscription,  "Its  orbit  extents  from  ocean 
to  ocean," 

OFFICIAL  DECORATIONS. 

The  city  buildings  at  Rice  Park  were  just  about  a  maze  of  flags  and  colors. 
There  was  not  much  attempt  at  design,  but  the  quantity  indicated  the  fact 
that  St.  Paul  was  aroused,  and  meant  officially  to  declare  its  appreciation  of 
the  great  event.  Gen.  Grant  was  heard  to  remark,  as  he  took  in  Rice  Park  and 
the  City  Hall,  that  "during  the  entire  course  of  the  war  he  never  saw  so  many, 
flags — flags  of  a! I  sizes,  descriptions  and  numbers."  All  the  residences  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Rice  Park  helped  to  swell  the  multitude  of  flags  until 
everything  seemed  kaleidoscopic  and  almost  wearisome  to  the  eye. 

ARCHES  OF  WELCOME  AND  TRIUMPH. 

In  beauty  and  appropriateness  of  design  and  costliness  of  structure  the 
arches  of  welcome  and  triumph,  erected  at  various  points  on  the  line  of 
march,  were  in  keeping  with  /Jie  grandeur  and  immensity  of  the  general 
demonstration  in  honor  of  St.  Paul's  greatest  occasion  of  rejoicing. 


22  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


A  CANOPY  OF  COLORS 

At  the  Seven  Corners  was  located  the  first  of  these  special  tokens  of  honor. 
Above  the  very  center  of  the  square  to  which  seven  highways  converge 
from  as  many  different  points  of  the  compass,  was  suspended  a  large  cartwheel 
which  was  wound  with  the  national  colors.  From  this  wheel  as  the  center 
radiated  great  streamers  to  the  various  street  corners,  making  in  fact  a  canopy 
of  colors  over  the  entire  square.  The  streamers  were  stretched  from  the 
center  to  guy-ropes  reaching  from  tall  poles  clear  around  the  square,  and  the 
side  ropes,  or  supports,  were  heavily  festooned.  The  supporting  poles  at  the 
corners  were  draped  in  white  and  blue,  and  the  entire  design  was  emblazoned 
with  flags  and  minor  decorations. 

THE  CITY'S   WELCOME. — THE  VILLARD  ARCH. 

The  city  arch,  erected  over  Third  Street,  just  below  Cedar  Street  crossing, 
was  of  oriental  design,  about  sixty-five  feet  in  width.  The  arch  was  of  a 
rnoresque  or  horse-shoe  form,  twenty  feet  across  the  base,  and  the  height  of 
the  crown  from  the  pavement  was  thirty  feet.  The  arch  was  flanked  on  the 
sides  by  platforms  elevated  above  the  street  some  eighteen  feet,  resting  on 
posts  trimmed  in  deep  red,  the  intervening  spaces  being  filled  up  with 
different  shades  of  green.  On  the  platform  were  placed  symbolic  groups  of 
young  ladies  representing  the  cities  of  St.  Paul  and  Portland,  the  termini  of 
the  road.  Above  the  arch  was  a  frieze  six  feet  high  of  evergreens,  bearing  the 
word  "welcome"  in  large  bronze  letters.  Above  this  frieze  there  was  a  light 
projecting  cornice,  and  surmounting  the  whole  a  huge  dome  sixteen  feet  in 
diameter,  of  yellow  ground  with  rib  lines  of  gold,  the  whole  structure  rising 
sixty  feet  from  the  street.  On  the  four  corners  of  the  main  structure  were 
minarets  running  up  to  a  height  of  forty-five  feet,  with  conical  shaped  cappings 
of  gold,  the  minarets  themselves  being  treated  with  Turkish  red  aligned  with 
green  and  silver  decorations.  The  main  space  between  the  arch  and  the 
corners  was  richly  ornamented  in  varied  detail,  composed  of  gold  and  silver 
decorations  on  red,  black  and  blue  grounds.  The  immediate  frame  around 
the  arch  was  a  blue  groundwork,  bearing  the  words  in  bronze:  "St.  Paul  greets 
the  Northern  Pacific  and  its  Friends."  Outside  of  this  was  a  band  of  bright 
crimson,  flanked  with  evergreens,  the  whole  framed  in  by  a  plain  black  band, 
ornamented  with  silver  and  bearing  the  word  "Villard,"  repeated  seven  times. 
The  remaining  space  was  profusely  ornamented  with  floral  decorations, 
streamers,  etc.    The  inside  of  the  arch  was  covered  with  bands  of  yellow  and 

§reen,  and  was  festooned  with  ribbons.  The  minarets  were  trimmed  with 
lue  and  white,  and  from  their  tops  floated  tri-colored  and  red  and  white 
streamers,  while  festoons  were  strung  in  bewildering  number  and  irregularity 
to  all  parts  of  the  structure.  On  the  platforms,  in  addition  to  the  symbolic 
emblems  above  noted,  were  a  score  or  more  of  young  ladies,  concealed  from 
public  view  by  the  decorations,  who  showered  the  distinguished  visitors  with 
bouquets  and  cut  flowers  as  they  passed  underneath.  Extending  on  both  sides 
«f  Third  Street  from  the  arch  128  feet  in  length  in  the  direction  of  Wabasha 
were  platforms  seven  feet  in  width,  elevated  some  few  feet  above  the  street, 
which  were  occupied  by  hundreds  of  young  girls  dressed  in  white,  who  distri- 
buted flowers  to  the  visitors  as  they  passed. 

THE  GROCERS'  ARCH. 

The  next  arch  in  order  was  decidedly  uniaue,  and  was  commemorative  of 
St.  Paul's  mercantile  supremacy.  It  was  entirely  the  result  of  the  liberality 
and  enterprise  of  P.  H.  Kelly  &  Co.  and  Allen,  Moon  &  Co.  The  columns  on 
either  side  of  Third  Street  on  which  the  arch  rested  wero  of  barrels,  kegs  and 
boxes  of  merchandise  in  the  following  order: .  Base,  sixteen  barrels  of  syrup, 
topped  by  barrels  of  pork  and  pickles,  kegs  of  syrup  and  fish,  and  boxes  of 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


23 


RAILROAD  ARCH,  CORNER  SEVENTH  AND  WABASHA  STREETS. 


soap  and  canned  goods.  The  arch  was  formed  with  kegs  of  fish,  with 
canvassed  ham  and  bacon  suspended  from  underneath.  On  one  side  of  the 
arch  was  inscribed  "P.  H.  Kelly  Mercantile  Co.,"  and  on  the  opposite, 
"Allen,  Moon  &  Co."  Over  the  center  of  the  arch  was  an  equilateral  triangle 
bearing  the  letters,  "N.  P.  K.  R,"  and  underneath,  "St.  Paul,"  "Portland," 
the  open  space  at  the  bottom  being  filled  up  with  two  clasped  hands  while 
underneath  the  whole,  in  German  text,  was  the  word  "Welcome."  The  apex 
of  the  arch  was  thirty-five  feet  above  the  street  and  the  widtn  was  over  sixty 
feet.  Bunting  and  ribbons  were  used  liberally,  and  with  the  unique  design 
and  happy  arrangement  of  goods  displayed,  this  arch  formed  a  picture  that 
will  long  dwell  in  the  memory  of  those  who  viewed  it. 

THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  ARCH. 

This  was  erected  by  the  railway  company,  across  Broadway  at  its  junction 
with  Fourth  Street,  opposite  the  south  corner  of  its  general  oflice  building. 
The  span  of  this  arch  was  thirty  feet  six  inches,  and  the  height  thirty-nine 
feet  in  the  clear.  The  bases  upon  which  the  arch  rested  were  eight  feet  six 
inches  in  height.  There  were  four  square  columns  rising  from  the  base  at  each 
end,  the  four  outside  ones  being  thirty-five  feet  in  height,  and  the  four  on  the 
inside  two  feet  shorter.    A  six  foot  staff  rose  from  each  column,  from  which 


24  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

different  colored  streamers  were  displayed.  The  arch  and  four  inside 
standards  were  composed  of  unthreshed  wheat  and  oats,  and  the  four  outside 
of  corn  and  grasses.  A  .high  minaret  of  grain  sheaves  crowned  the  arch. 
Different  colored  ribbons  were  strung  from  the  standards  across  the  arch  and 
intertwined  with  the  grains,  the  whole  forming  a  beautiful  picture  to  look  upon, 
while  being  at  the  same  .time  emblematic  of  a  large  portion  of  the  country 
traversed  and  opened  up  to  settlement  by  the  Northern  Pacific  road. 

THE   "ROYAL  ROUTE"  ARCH. 

A  singularly  beautiful  and  appropriate  arch,  made  at  the  shops  of  this 
company,  was  erected  over  Fourth  Street  in  front  of  the  general  offices  of  the 
Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  Railway  Company.  It  represented 
#two  massive  granite  piers  supporting  an  iron  bridge  bearing  a  pictured 
'locomotive  of  the  "C,  St.  P.,  M.  &  O."  line.  The  bridge  was  covered  each 
side  with  a  canvass  inscribed  "Welcome,  Northern  Pacific  Railroad."  Under- 
neath hung  the  familiar  sign,  "Look  out  for  the  cars  when  the  bell  rings," 
signal  flags,  national  banners  and  bannerets,  inscribed  "The  Royal  Route," 
with  festoons  of  evergreens  and  drops  of  tri-colors  decorated  the  arch,  while 
the  whole  front  of  the  large  building  was  adorned  with  evergreens,  tri-colored 
streamers  and  "N.  P.  R.  R."  bannerets,  and  ro'  ts  of  young  evergreen  trees 
from  the  North  AVisconsin  division  were  set  at  the  edge  of  the  sidewalk  along 
the  whole  square.  An  engine  bell  concealed  within  the  arch  rang  incessamly 
during  the  passage  of  the  procession.  The  whole  affair  was  skillfully  planned 
and  executed  and  was  in  keeping  with  all  the  royal  undertakings  of  the 
"Royal  Route." 

THE  RAILROAD  ARCH. 

This  was  in  design  and  execution  unique  and  perfect.  Its  proportions  were 
artistic  and  its  colors  well  harmonized.  It  was  designed  for  and  named:  "The 
Railroad  Arch,"  and  its  outlines  and  ornaments  represented  two  locomotives 
and  a  tunnel.  At  the  base  on  either  side  were  striking  imitations  of  locomo- 
tive cowcatchers.  Above  these  were  the  boilers,  a  dozen  feet  in  diameter, 
with  fronts  and  headlights  represented  by  large  discs  of  carved  wood,  and 
above  them  were  the  tall  columns  in  similitude  of  smoke  stacks.  Over  all  a 
drapery  of  white  and  black  gave  appropriate  colors  to  the  outlined  ideal.  At 
the  apex  of  the  smoke  stacks  rising  volumes  of  smoke  were  closely  represented 
by  contrasting  sheaves  of  wheat  and  corn  with  colored  paper.  The  curves  of 
tne  arch  represented  a  tunnel  in  stone  colors.  From  the  base  of  the  arch  to 
the  apex  was  forty -two  feet,  the  width  being  forty  feet.  Depending  from  the 
center  of  the  arch  were  festoons  of  evergreens  and  red,  white  and  blue  cloth. 
Above  the  arch  was  a  group  of  flags  of  the  principal  nations  of  the  globe,  the 
colors  of  America,  England,  Germany,  France,  Sweden,  Russia,  China  and 
Austria  being  there,  while  colors  of  the  smaller  nations  were  ingeniously 
placed  around  the  imitation  headlights.  Directly  over  the  center  of  the  arch 
was  a  circular  design  bearing  the  monogram  "H.  V."  in  large  letters, 
surrounded  by  a  wreath  of  evergreens.  The  keystone  in  the  center  of  the 
structure  bore  the  legend  "N.  P.  R.  R.,  1883."  On  the  front  sides  of  the  arch 
were  a  number  of  large  panel  spaces  filled  in  with  the  names  of  presidents  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  as  follows:  Henry  Villard,  Jay  Cooke,  J. 
Gregory  Smith,  Geo.  W.  Cass,  Chas.  B.  Wright  and  Frederick  Billings.  The 
names  of  A.  H.  Barney,  Wm.  M.  Roberts  and  Edward  Antlerson,  ex-chief 
engineers  of  the  road  also  appear  in  panels,  while  the  names  of  the  States  and 
Territories  through  which  the  road  travels  are  placed  on  the  base.  Also  on 
the  base  of  the  arch  was  placed  the  names  of  the  principal  stations  on  the  line 
of  the  road  from  St.  Paul  to  Tocoma.  A  beautiful  feature  of  the  display  at  this 
arch  was  several  vases  of  flowers  placed  on  a  small  platform  adjacent  to  the 
locomotive  head-lights.  In  the  way  of  embellishment  many  minute  and 
valuable  artifices  were  employed,  all  of  which  added  to  the  beauty  of  the 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS.  25 

general  effect.  The  designers  of  the  arch  were  R.  Eisner  and  Emil  W.  TTlrici, 
the  constructors  being  Wilkin  &  Remey  and  the  decorator,  Mr.  Walter  Dreher, 
all  of  whom  contributed  to  bring  about  the  beautiful  whole. 

THE  CHINESE   ARCH. 

This  arch,  designed  by  A.  M.  Doherty  and  constructed  by  D.  McDougal, 
was  thrown  over  Wabasha  street,  between  Ninth  and  Tenth  streets.  In 
form  it  was  a  double  pagoda  united  and  supported  by  an  arch.  The  span  of 
the  arch  was  forty  feet  in  length,  leaving  an  opening  of  twenty-four  feet  in  the 
clear,  with  passages  of  eight  feet  in  width  at  the  base  on  the  sidewalks.  The 
height  was  fifty  feet  with  bamboo  poles  twenty-two  feet  long,  surmounting 
the  pagoda,  making  a  total  height  of  seventy-two  feet.  Each  pole  bore  a  flag 
fixed  in  the  center,  and  the  stars  and  stripes  floated  sixty-three  feet  from  the 
sidewalk.  The  towers  were  thirty-two  feet  high  and  surmounted  by  the 
colors  of  America,  France,  Prussia,  England  and  Ireland.  The  center  of  the 
arch  formed  an  unique  pagoda,  three  stories  in  height,  painted  in  the  Japanese 
colors  of  red,  black  and  yellow;  the  roof  being  tastefully  draped  in  the  national 
colors— red,  white  and  b'lue.  The  roof  was  embellished  with  over  two  hundred 
Chinese  lanterns.  On  the  front  side  of  the  arch  was  the  motto:  "Northern 
Pacific  Railroad,  connection  between  China  and  St.  Paul;"  on  the  reverse  side 
the  inscription;  "St.  Paul  greets  Japan  through  the  N.  P.  R.  B."  The  arch 
was  sixteen  feet  through  and  ornamented  with  Japanese  fans  and  parasols. 
The  bases  of  the  towers  were  covered  with  a  mass  of  evergreens,  and  the 
mottoes  were  likewise  adorned  with  the  same  material.  Parti-colored  pennants- 
floated  from  the  arch  bearing  the  words  ''Welcome  Villard."  In  addition,  the 
available  spaces  of  the  structure  were  filled  with  a  bewildering  variety  of  flags, 
dragons,  suns,  moons,  stars,  etc.,  in  silver  and  gold  leaf,  the  whole  making  a 
decidedly  beautiful  effect. 

The  committee  on  invitation  had  prepared  and  distributed  a  beautiful  1 
lithograph  invitation,  bearing  the  following: 

^T     %WsTHE  HOHORABLE  MAYOH 

/  •  AND  THE 

#f     *  60x91909  •  6011901!  •  of^frjc  •  Gify-  •  of'  Sfr  Jfoul . « 

respectfully  invite  you  to  attend  and  participate  in  the  Celebration  to  be  given 
in  this  city  on  Monday.  September  3,  1883,  in  honor  of  the  visit  of 

MR.  HEHRY  YILLARD, 

President  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  and  his  distinguished 

guests,  upon  the  occasion  of  the  completion  and  formal  opening  of  this 

road  from  Saint  Paul  and  Lake  Superior  to  the  Pacific  Coast. 

^ 

[The  design  for  the  invitation  forms  the  front  cover  of  this  book.] 

Badges,  bearing  the  design  on  the  back  cover  of  this  volume,  were  printed 
on  heavy  satin,  white  for  guests,  blue  for  members  of  committees,  and  red  for 
marshals.  The  badges  were  confined  to  the  coats  of  the  wearers  by  dainty 
bouqu  ,ts. 


26  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAIIROAD. 


T  9  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  September  3,  1883,  the  Union  depot  in 
St.  Paul  was  under  police  guard,  and  none  but  the  reception  committees 
fflk  appointed  to  welcome  Mr.  Villard  and  his  guests  to  the  city  were 
^L  permitted  to  enter.  The  Ames  Zouaves,  of  Minneapolis,  Mayor  Ames 
T  in  command,  and  companies  D  and  E  of  the  First  regiment  of  the 
Minnesota  National  Guard  were  present  with  the  Regimental  band.  Mr. 
Villard  and  his  family  were  the  first  to  alight  from  the  first  of  the  four  special 
trains  that  rolled  into  the  depot  half  an  hour  later.  A  hundred  carriages  were 
in  waiting  and  the  entire  party  were  soon  riding  swiftly  up  into  the  heart  pf 
the  city,  escorted  by  Gen.  Sanborn,  chief  marshal,  and  aids,  the  police  and 
the  military.  Gannons  booming  on  the  Capitol  Square  and  the  blowing  of 
steamboat  whistles  along  the  wharves  announced  the  arrival,  and  that  the 
celebration  had  begun. 

President  Villard,  Mrs.  Villard,  Gen.  Grant  and  Mayor  O'Brien  were 
seated  in  the  first  carriage.  In  the  second  carriage  were  Gen.  and  Mme.  von 
Xvlander,  MissVillard  and  Col.  vonXylander.  In  the  third  carriage  were  Hon. 
William  M.  Evarts,  Hon.  H.  M.  Teller,  Masters  Harold  and  Oswald  Villard. 
Hon.  L.  Sackville  West,  British  minister;  Miss  West  and  companion  occupied 
the  fourth  carriage,  and  Baron  Von  Eisendecher,  Count  Lippe-Wiessenfeld, 
occupied  the  fifth  carriage.  Other  guests  were  distributed  as  follows:  Count 
*de  Bildt,  charge  d'affaires  of  Sweden  and  Norway;  August  Feigel,  German 
consul  general,  New  York;  Oatmar  Von  Mohl,  German  consul,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio;  German  guests  in  fifteen  carriages;  English  guests  in  ten  carriages; 
governors,  United  States  senators  and  representatives  in  seven  carriages; 
officers  of  the  United  States  army  in  five  carriages;  government  officials  from 
"Washington  in  four  carriages;  mayors  of  other  cities  in  two  carriages;  presi- 
dents of  board  of  trade  and  chamber  of  commerce  in  two  carriages;  directors 
and  officers  of  the  Northern  Pacific  and  other  railroad  corporations  in  six 
carriages;  members  of  the  press  in  ten  carriages. 

The  route  of  the  guests'  procession  was  up  Third  Street  to  Market,  and 
thence  to  the  seats  provided  in  Rice  Park,  where  the  honored  guests  of  the  day 
were  to  review  the  military,  civic  societies,  trades  exhibits  and  the  various 
constituent  parts  of  a  most  notable  procession.  The  streets  for  miles  were 
crowded  densely,  and  as  Mr.  Villard  and  his  party  passed  up  Third  Street 
through  the  narrow  lane  between  the  seas  of  faces  on  either  hand,  he  and  they 
were  greeted  with  tremendous  enthusiasm. 

Passing  under  the  grand  triumphal  arch ,  corner  Third  and  Cedar  streets, 
President  Villard,  surprised  and  pleased  beyond  measure  at  the  enthusiasm 
everywhere  manifested,  raised  his  hat  in  acknowledgment,  just  as  a  shower  of 
roses,  tossed  by  a  score  of  maidens,  representing  St.  Paul  and  Portland 
respectively,  fell  upon  his  bared  head  and  into  the  carriage,  and  were 
scattered  over  Gen.  Grant,  who  smiled  his  acknowledgments,  and  upon 
Mrs.  Villard,  who  bowed  and  smiled  and  looked  the  pride  she  could  not 
speak. 

THE  SYMBOLS. 

Mr.  Villard  looked  upon  the  platform  above  his  head  and  noticed  a 
tableau  which  gave  him  infinite  pleasure.  The  flower-throwing  maidens 
stood  on  the  arch  of  welcome,  and  in  the  center  of  a  group  of  school  children 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


27 


28  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAIIROAD. 


was  a  tableau  representing  Columbia,  Mrs.  Joseph  Geisen;  Germania,  Mrs. 
Charles  Schmidt;  Britannia,  Miss  Pauline  Faber.  Directly  opposite  was  the 
goddess  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  Miss  Julia  Winter.  Miss  Julia  Elbel 
represented  manufactures,  with  her  anvil  and  ratchet  wheel.  Miss  Martha 
Werner  represented  agriculture:  svmbols— plow,  scythe  and  sheaves  of  wheat. 
In  the  balcony  Portland  was  represented  by  Miss  Mary  Schnitzius,  and  St.  Paul 
by  Miss  Annie  Strong.  The  bouquets  distributed  were  tied  with  blue  ribbons 
marked  Welcome  N.  P.  B.  R.  These  beautiful  tableaux  were  the  tribute  of 
our  German  citizens. 

As  the  remaining  guests  passed  under  the  arch  in  turn,  flowers  were  rained 
upon  them,  and  gracefully  acknowledged.  Just  west  of  the  triumphal  arch 
two  long  platforms  were  constructed,  and  these  were  crowded  with  children 
dressed  in  white,  who,  provided  with  bouquets,  awaited  the  arrival  of  the  grand 
procession. 

IN  GEAXD  EEVIEW. 

It  was  a  typical  Minnesota  day ;  never  one  lovelier;  a  day  without  a  fault.  The 
bright  harvest  sun  shone  from  a  sky  of  cloudless  blue.  The  thermometer 
registered  70  degrees,  and  the  air  was  of  that  pure,  sweet  character  which  is 
the  delight  and  wonder  of  strangers.  Pice  Park,  that  tiny  gem  of  forest  and 
floral  beauty,  was  never  fairer.  Always  beautiful  with  its  natural  adornments, 
its  charms  were  heightened  by  the  artistic  decorations  that  had  been  skillfully 
placed.  Bright  colored  streamers  hung  from  tree  to  tree,  and  thousands  of  flags 
mingled  their  hues  with  the  green  foliage,  forming  a  canopy  of  indescribable 
beauty.  The  grassy  lawns  were  as  velvet;  the  flowers-in  beds  and  parterres, 
bloomed  brilliantly  and  from  the  massive  fountain  the  bright  water  leaped  with 
seeming  joy. 

By  the  side  of  the  band  stand  a  massive  marquee  had  been  erected,  and 
on  the  long  table  within,  a  bounteous  collation  was  served  in  Magee's  best 
style.  Pyramids  of  danties,  crowded  beautiful  floral  decorations,  and  the 
glimmer  of  crystal  glasses  showed  that  the  rapid  popping  of  corks  so  constantly 
heard,  was  not  intended  as  a  salute  alone.  The  repast  proved  most  opportune 
and  was  heartily  enjoyed  by  the  honored  guests. 

Several  sections  of  opera  chairs  stood  in  the  park  for  the  accommodation 
of  Mr.  Villard's  guests  and  the  invited  guests  of  the  city.  The  seats  com- 
manded an  unobstructed  view  of  Fifth  street.  In  the  front  row  were  Mr. 
Villard  and  Gen.  Grant,  sitting  side  by  side ;  Gov.  Hubbard  and  the  general 
officers  of  the  National  guard;  Gen.  Terry  and  staff,  and  Bishop  Ireland;  while 
immediately  in  the  rear  Mayor  O'Brien  and  ladies  had  seats.  Ex-Secretary 
Evarts  also  had  a  seat  near  by ,  and  on  all  sides  sitting  or  standing,  were  the 
distinguished  Americans  and  foreigners,  decked  with  white  satin  badges,  and 
button-hole  bouquets.  The  Citv  Hall  was  a  coigne  of  vantage  for  scores  of 
people,  filling  all  the  windows  and  doorways;  and  heie  as  elsewhere  along  the 
route,  the  streets  were  crowded  with  people.  None  but  guests  were  admitted 
within  the  precincts  of  the  park,  Capt.  John  Bressett  and  a  posse  of  police  in 
full  uniform  instructing  the  good-natured  spectators  to  retain  positions  on  the 
opposite  walks.  The  members  of  the  party  had  no  more  than  settled  into 
good  positions  before  the  head  of  the  procession  appeared.  The  colored  banu 
and  regiment  from  the  Fort  was  a  source  of  wonder  to  the  foreigners;  and 
when  the  Ames  Zouaves  came  along,  a  burst  of  applause  arose  from  the 
assembled  multitude,  being  more  particularly  the  recognition  given  the  com- 
mand from  the  neighboring  city  by  the  people  of  St.  Paul.  The  industrial 
division  awakened  great  admiration,  and  as  display  after  display  passed  before 
the  eyes  of  the  distinguished  visitors,  comment  and  compliment  fell  from  their 
lips,  with  many  expressions  of  surprise  and  wonder  at  the  seemingly  exhaust- 
less  resources  of  the  young  metropolis  of  the  new  Northwest.  Mr.  Villard  was 
saluted  time  after  time  from  the  ranks  of  the  great  procession,  and  each  time 
raised  his  hat  in  response.    Even  he,  well  acquainted  with  St.  Paul  as  he  is, 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS.  29 

could  not  refrain  from  expressing  amazement  and  gratification,  as  he  viewed 
the  display  which  had  been  prepared  in  honor  of  himself  and  the  Northern 
Pacific.  Gen.  Grant  was  also  pleased.  "I  have  seen  many  grand  processions, 
civic  and  military,"  said  the  illustrious  soldier  and  citizen,  "but  such  a  display 
as  this  of  a  city's  industries  I  have  never  seen."  A  Berlin  banker  remarked  to 
Gov.  Solomon  of  Wisconsin,  "This  display,  if  known  to  the  world,  would  add 
twenty-five  per  cent,  to  the  value  of  St.  Paul  property." 

Even  as  early  as  sunrise  preparations  for  the  mammoth  procession  had 
been  in  progress,  thousands  of  gaily-decked  teams  representing  the  countless 
industries  of  a  great  city  hastening  to  the  appointed  rendezvous.  At  9:30 
o'clock,  when  the  distinguished  visitors,  for  whose  edification  and  instruction 
this  grand  display  had  been  planned,  had  disposed  themselves  comfortably, 

THE  BRILLIANT  AND   IMPOSING  PAGEANT 

commenced  to  pass  in  review  in  the  following  order: 

Platoon  of  Thirty-two  Police  under  Sergeants  Walsh  and  Morgan. 

Chief  Marshal  Gen.  John  B.  Sanborn  and  Aides. 

Marshal  Isaac  Doble  and  Brigade  of  Boys  on  Ponies. 

FIRST  GRAND  DIVISION. 

Chief  Marshal,  Col.  W.  B.  Bend. 

Fort  Snelling  Band. 

Battalion  of  Twenty-fifth  Infantry,  U.  S.  A.,  Lieut.  Col.  D.  H,  Brotherton, 

Battery  F,  Fourth  RegimeRt  Artillery,  U.  S.  A.,  Maj.  L.  G.  Smith. 

Second  Regiment  Band. 

Second  Regiment,  M.  N.  S.  G. 

First  Regiment,  M.  N.  S.  G. 

Emmet  Light  Artillery,  M.  N.  S.  G. 

All  other  Military  Organizations. 

Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  and  Veterans  of  Late  War. 

SECOND  GRAND  DIVISION. 

Chief  Marshal,  John  T.  Black. 

Fire  Commissioners. 

Fire  Alarm  Telegraph. 

Hook  and  Ladder  No.  1. 

Engines,  Hose  Carts  and  Supply  Wagons — Nos.  1  and  2. 

Assistant  Chief. 

Hook  and  Ladder  No.  2. 

Chemical  Engine. 

Engines,  Hose  Carts  and  Supply  Wagons — Nos.  1,  2  and  3, 

Veterinary  Surgeon. 

All  in  condition  for  immediate  service . 

THIRD  GRAND  DIVISION. 

Chief  Marshal,  Col.  M.  J.  O'Connor. 

Assistans,   P.  J.  Dwyer,  J.  B.  Desforges,  Z.  Quesnel,  T.  O.  Dufresne,  C.  Barbeau, 

Alfred  Dufresne,  John  Massheck. 

Red  Wing  Band. 

Ancient  Order  Hibernians, 

Knights  of  St.  Paul. 

Union  Francaise. 

St.  John  Baptiste, 

Knights  of  Labor. 

St.  Venzee  (Bohemian)  Society. 

St.  John  (Bohemian)  Society. 

Bohemian  Turners  Sokol. 
St.  Albert's  (Polish)  Society. 

FOURTH  GRAND  DIVISION. 

Chief  Marshal,  Andrew  R.  Kiefer, 
Assistants,  J.  Mainzer,  George  R.  Walsh,  Joseph  Osborn,  William  Penner,  H.  W.  Thackery, 

Gustavus  Hopping, 

Bohemian  Band. 

St.  Paul  Temple  Commandery,  No.  2,  P.  C. 


jo  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

German  Society,  Turner  Society,  Druids,  Sons  of  Hermann,  Lucelbeurgia,  and  Seven 
other  Civic  Societies. 
Butchers,  Mounted. 

FIFTH  GRAND  DIVISION. 

Chief  Marshal,  Gen.  J.  W.  Bishop. 

Assistant,  L.  W.  Rundlett. 

Great  Western  Band. 

C.  H.  Bosworth,  Assistant  Marshal. 

Postoffice  Department,  Railway  Mail  Service, 

Omnibus  Line, 

J.  L.  Cherry,  Assistant  Marshal 

Northern  Pacific  Express  Co. 

American  Express  Co. 

United  States  Express  Co. 

Mat  Ellis,  Assistant  Marshal. 

Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  Railway. 

W.  Thomas,  Assistant  Marshal. 

St.  Paul  &  Duluth  Railway. 

Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railway. 

E.  D.  Coming,  Assistant  Marshal. 

Railroad  Warehouse. 

SIXTH  GRAND  DIVISION. 

Chief  Marshal,  E.  A.  Young. 

Assistants,  Gen.  M.  D.  Flower,  Charles  Borup. 

Faribault  Band. 

1.  Wholesale  dry  goods,  clothing,  furnishing  goods,  hats  and  caps,  millinery,  notions.  Theo. 
L.  Schurmeier,  marshal. 

2.  Wholesale  grocers,  drugs,  oils,  baking  powders,  commission,  crackers,  confectionery, 
crockery.     Frank  B.  Howell,  marshal. 

3.  Wholesale  boots  and  shoes,  leather  and  saddlery,  stationery,  hides  and  furs.  George  W. 
Freeman,  marshal. 

4.  Wholesale  hardware,  scales,  and  safes.    Edward  White,  marshal. 

5.  Brewery,  malt  and  bottling  interests,  wholesale  liquor  dealers  and  coopers,  William  Hamm, 
Henry  Stahlmann,  William  Banholzer,  Arthur  Koenig,  Anthony  Yoerg,  Jr.,  Paul  Hauser,  Jr., 
James  Allie,  marshals. 

6.  Lumber  interests,  sash,  doors  and  blinds  und  wood  workers.  J.  P.  Gribben,  Gebhart  Bohn, 
marshals, 

7.  Agricultural  implements,  farm  machinery,  waeons,  carriages  and  sleighs.  J.  H.  Burwell, 
marshal. 

8.  Coal  and  wood.  Frank  H.  Pratt,  George  H.  Brown,  R.  A.  Carrington,  James  F.  Dowlan, 
marshals. 

9.  Mutical  instruments,  sewing  machines,  billiard  table  manufacturers,  cornice  manufac- 
turers, iron  works,  boiler  manufacturers,  brickmakers,  stonecutters,  blacksmiths,  terra  cotta. 
R.  C.  Munger,  J.  P.  Moor,  marshals. 

10.  Retail  dry  goods,  clothing,  boots  and  shoes,  carpets,  paper  hangings,  furniture  hats  and 
caps,  gent's  furnishing  goods.     C.  F.  Mahler,  F.  G.  Ingersoll,  marshals. 

11.  Retail  grocers,  hardware,  gunsmiths,  grates,  crockery,  harness,  and  leather,  trunk 
dealers,  seeds.    Maj.  J.  P.  Pond,  William  Penner,  Josiah  Fairchild,  W.  A.  Nichols,  marshals. 

12.  Real  estate,  auctioneers,  billiard  balls,  drugs,  plumbers,  casketmakers,  bakers,  florists, 
gardeners,  broom  manufacturers,  paints,  ice  companies,  street  contractors  and  men.  Col.  A.  B. 
Brackett,  marshal. 

The  City  of  St.  Paul  has  made  such  gigantic  forward  strides  in  compara- 
tively a  few  months  that  the  grand  display  of  industries  in  the  procession  was 
almost  as  much  of  a  revelation  to  our  citizens,  as  to  the  strangers  within  our 
gates.    Said  the  St.  Paul  Globe: 

"In  speaking  of  the  magnificent  appearance  of  the  procession  in  its 
entirety,  no  latitude  of  diction  however  extravagant  can  do  justice.  To 
describe  adequately  its  component  features  would  require  days  of  labor  and 
many  issues  of  a  paper  equal  in  size  to  this  edition  of  the  Globe.  Its  superb 
military,  civic,  industrial,  manufacturing  and  jobbing  features  would  have 
reflected  credit  upon  any  city*  in  this  country,  not  excepting  Chicago  or  New 
York.  Said  one  cosmopolitan,  a  man  of  letters,  to  the  Globe  reporter, 
"Your  city  is  wonderful;  it  is  the  greatest  town  for  its  size  on 
the    face    of    the    earth."    And    he    was   right.    In   the    procession    every 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


32         .    THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

art,  industry,  business,  trade  or  species  of  traffic  in  trie  world  was 
represented.  The  manufacturing,  railroad  and  machinery  display  was 
simply  stupendous,  while  the  display  made  by  the  wholesale  and 
retail  merchants  of  St.  Paul  establishes  their  reputation  as  being  among  the 
most  foremost  and  enterprising  business  men  in  the  world.  <  The  ingenuity 
manifested  by  the  wholesale  merchants  in  arranging  their  displays,  and  the 
enormous  extent  of  the  exhibits,  were  really  astonishing." 

The  procession  occupied  five  hours  in  passing  a  given  point  and  it  was 
not  less  than  fifteen  miles  in  length. 

THE  FIRST  DIVISION. 

A  dozen  policemen  scouted  ahead  of  the  procession  and  cleared  the  streets,  and  on  came  the 
pageant,  with  Gen.  Sanborn,  chief  marshal,  and  aides  at  the  head.  Following  these  came  a 
platoon  of  thirty-two  police  unde*  Sergeants  Walsh  and  Morgan.  Then  came  a  hundred  lads  in 
iantastic  uniform,  mounted  as  special  aides,  followed  by  the  Fort  Snelling  band  of  twenty-five 
pieces;  the  Ames  Zouaves,  who  were  warmly  applauded;  a  battalion  of  the  Twenty-fifth  United 
States  (colored)  infantry,  200  strong,  commanded  by  Col.  Gaines  Lawson,  an  officer  deservedly 
popular.  These  troops  were  generally  remarked  for  their  proficiency  and  soldierly  bearing. 
Battery  F.  Fourth  United  States  artillery,  followed  ninety  strong,  with  four  guns,  commanded 
by  Maj.  L.  G.  Smith.  Twenty-five  Sioux  Indians  in  war  paint,  accompanied  by  squaws  carrying 
papooses,  brought  up  the  rear  of  this  section  of  the  parade,  and  were  received  everywhere  with 
warm  applause  and  amusing  expressions.  The  Great  Union  band,  plaving  splendidly,  came  gaily 
down  the  street  and  received  the  plaudits  of  the  crowd.  Then  the  First  regiment,  led  by  Col. 
Eend,  marching  superbly,  and  the  Emmet  Light  Artillery,  the  G.  A.  R.  and  other  war 
veterans,  fifty  strong,  brought  up  the  rear  of  the  First  Division,  and  received  the  warmest 
recognition. 

THE  SECOND  DIVISION. 

The  fire  department  was  the  feature  of  the  second  division.  Chief  Black  led  the  van,  and 
was  followed  by  the  Fire  Commissioners  in  carriages  and  the  several  engines,  hook  and  ladder 
companies,  trucks,  hose  companies  and  supply  wagons  of  the  department,  all  ready  for  instant 
service  in  case  of  an  alarm.  The  appearance  of  the  engines  and  trucks  was  the  signal  for  loud  and 
hearty  commendation. '  The  apparatus  was  polished  to  dazzling  bril  iancy,  the  appearance  and 
discipline  of  the  force  was  admirable,  and  the  whole  display  as  made  by  the  department  was 
certainly  one  of  the  principal  features  of  the  procession. 

THE  THIRD  DIVISION. 

The  Ancient  Order  of  Hibernians,  2fl0  strong,  were  a  prominent  feature  of  the  third  division, 
of  which  Col.  M.  J.  O'Connor  was  chief  marshal.  Their  handsome  uniforms  admirably  set  off 
the  stalwart  forms  they  encased,  and  the  marching  and  general  appearance  of  the  society  was 
extremely  good.  A  tableau  in  this  division  representing  France  and  America,  and  Washington 
and  Lafayette,  standing  under  the  spreading  branches  of  an  oak  tree  grasping  hands  was  very 
effective,  and  elicited  rounds  of  applause.  The  Rochester  band  furnished  excellent  music  for 
this  division.  The  Knights  of  St.  Paul,  Union  Francaise,  St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society,  the 
Knights  of  Labor,  St.  Venzee,  St.  John,  Bohemian  Turners  and  St,  Albert  so  ieties  followed  in 
regular  succession,  with  an  aggregate  of  300  members,  and  received  their  meed  of  applause. 

THE  FOURTH   DIVISION. 

Andrew  R.  Kiefer  was  chief  marshal  of  the  Fourth  division,  for  which  music  was  furnished 
by  the  Bohemian  band.  The  St.  Pa  ;1  Temple  commandery,  No.  2,  P.  C,  the  German  society, 
Turner  society.  Druids,  Sons  of  Hermann,  Lucelbeurgia,  and  other  civic  societies,  aggregating 
500  persons,  the  whole  followed  by  125  butchers  mounted,  completed  this  organization. 

THE  FIFTH  DIVISION. 

The  Fifth  grand  division,  of  which  Gen.  J.  W.  Bishop  was  chief  marshal,  presented  many 
novel  and  excellent  features.  The  Great  Western  band  furnished  the  music  in  its  usual 
admirable  manner,  and  was  followed  by  the  employes  of  the  Postoffice,  numbering  fifty  persons, 
consis  ing  of  mail  carriers;  lady  and  gentlemen  clerks,  drivers,  etc.  Several  wagons  were  arranged 
as  distributing  offices,  and  the  whole  system  of  receiving  and  distributing  mail  matter  was  thus 
portrayed.  The  principal  feature  of  the  Postoffice  display  was  the  original  St.  Paul  Postoffice, 
a  box  of  a  dozen  pigeon  holes.  It  was  labeled:  "1846.  Total  revenue,  §3.43!  Revenue  1883, 
8183,954.82," 

"Largest  Mail  Route  in  the  World." 

Cook's  transfer  wagon,  with  fifty  emploves,  transporting  trunks,  valises;  etc.,  marked  for 
different  stations  on  the  line  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  between  St.  Paul  and  Portland,  was 
an  interesting  feature,  and  Adam  Fetsch's  traveling  cigar  manufactory  elicited  lots  of  applause, 
especially  when  the  cigars,  as  manufactured,  were  scattered  among  the  crowds.  The  Northern 
Pacific  Express  company  made  a  fine  display,  and  a  simon-pure  stage  coach  of  the  plans  loaded 
with  emigrants,  miners  and  the  usual  personnel  of  Western  stage  coach  travel,  was  so  true  to  nature 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS.  jj 

that  some  spectators  insisted  on  paying  their  fare  and  getting  onboard.  The  American  Express 
company's  wagons— loaded  with  freight  consigned  to  Pacific  Coast  stations,  and  a  white  buffalo 
consigned  to  J.  J.  Hill,— and  the  United  States  Express  Company's  wagons,  also  heavily  ladea 
with  express  matter,  contributed  not  a  little  to  the  enjoyment  of  the  hour. 

But  the  leading  feature  of  the  day  was  the  exhibit  made  by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
&  Omaha  Railroad  Company,  "the  Royal  Route."  The  passenger  department  of  this  route  was 
represented  by  a  large  float  drawn  by  six  Norman  gray  horses,  furnished  by  the  C.  N.  Nelson 
Lumber  Company.  On  the  sides  of  the  float  were  banners  stating:  "No  change  of  cars  East  to 
Chicago,  South  to  Des  Moines,  or  Southwest  to  Omaha  and  Kansas  City."  The  banners  on  the  top 
of  the  float  announced  that,  "The  Royal  Route  is  the  only  route  running  dining  cars  and  smoking 
room  sleepers  on  all  trains  between  St.  Paul  and  Chicago."  and  surmounting  these  banners  was  a 
large  map,  showing  the  line  of  the  N.  P]  R.  R.  from  Portland  to  St.  Paul  in  connection  with  the 
Royal  Route.  The  display  of  the  Mechanical  Department  of  this  railroad  consisted  of  ten  wagons 
and  215  employes  detailed  from  the  extensive  machine  shops  of  the  company  located  in  this  city. 
Few  corporations  require  the  service  of  as  many  varied  trades  as  are  demanded  by  our  great  rail- 
ways, and  the  "Royal  Route"  exhibited  them  all — a  panorama  of  industry.  The  first  divisiom 
bearing  aloft  the  banner  of  the  "Machine  Shop"  was  led  by  a  wagon  tastefully  decorated  witk 
bunting  and  flags,  amid  which  was  seen  an  engine  lathe  in  motion,  in  the  hands  of  a  skillful 
workman,  the  product  of  whose  labor  was  exhibited  in  articles  of  gleaming  brass  and  polished 
steel.  But  like  one  of  the  "Royal  Route"  express  trains,  the  procession  moved  along  "on  time," 
and  quickly  brought  the  second  division,  with  the  "Erecting  Shop."  Here  with  file  and  emery 
the  busy  workmen  were  shaping  and  polishing  the  "rods,"  "links"  and  "pins"  and  other  intricate 
portions  of  a  powerful  locomotive.  The  succeeding  division  of  workmen  revealed  the  fact  that 
iron,  brass  and  steel  alone  will  not  equip  a  railroad  but  that  a  "Carpenter  Shop"  finds  a  place  im 
our  railway  works.  As  the  line  moved  through  our  streets  the  rough  timbers  were  transformed  by 
the  saw  and  plane  into  the  shapely  locomotive  cab  which  was  destined  to  protect  the  "Knights  of 
the  Throttle"  through  many  a  stormy  blast.  Following  the  carpenters  of  course  came  paint, 
varnish  and  gold  leaf,  and  under  the  banner  of  the  "Paint  J3hop  the  wood  work  received  it» 
finishing  touches. 

But  the  sound  of  many  hammers  rising  above  the  music  of  bands  draws  everyone's  attentioa 
to  the  wagon  representing  the  "Boiler  Shop,"  upon  which,  amid  the  smoking  forges  with  many  a 
blow  on  white-hot  rivets  the  heavy  plates  of  steel  are  linked  together  into  a  locomotive  furnace  or 
firebox.  The  wagons  following  represented  the  "Blacksmith  Shop,"  with  two  forges  in  operation 
and  workmen  in  heavy  forging,  and  on  either  side  of  the  decorations  were  placed  two  immense 
gilded  horse-shoes,  surrounding  the  motto  "Good  Luck  to  N.  P." 

A  wagon  loaded  with  a  large  assortment  of  railway  supplies  tastefully  arranged  represented  the 
general  storehouse  of  the  company,  and  intimated  how  various  must  be  the  articles  gathered  in 
the  company's  warehouses. 

Closing  the  rear  of  this  portion  of  the  procession  were  three  wagons  from  the  Iron  and  Brass 
Foundry  which  supplies  this  railway  with  castings.  From  a  smoking  cupola  furnace  on  one  of  the 
wagons  the  moulten  metal  was  drawn  into  the  molds  of  sand,  and  souvenirs  of  the  day  were 
distributed  among  the  spectators,  consisting  of  medals  and  other  articles  cast  on  the  march. 

These  varied  vehicles  were  all  tastefully  and  elaborately  adorned,  and  bore  the  inscription: 

"Machinery  Department,  C,  St.  P.,  M.  &  O.  Ry.," 
and  their  exhibits  contributed  in  no  small  degree  to  the  success  of  the  day's  procession. 

The  St.  Paul  &  Duluth  furnished  its  quota  in  the  shape  of  two  wagons  loaded  wHh  agricul- 
tural products  and  artisans,  respectively,  the  latter  at  work  on  railway  machinery.  There  were 
natural  grasses  from  five  to  seven  feet  high.  Grains  of  all  kinds,  "Products  of  the  Great  Lake 
Route  "    The  second  wagon   represented  a  repair  shop  in  full  working  order. 

E.  D.  Comings'  allegorical  picture,  painted  on  a  van.  drawn  by  three  fine  gray  horses,  tandem, 
and  accompanied  by  a  bugler,  represented  the  scene  at  the  driving  of  the  last  spike. 

THE  SIXTH  DIVISION. 

This  grand  industrial  display,  of  which  E.  A.  Young  was  chief  marshal, 
was  of  course  the  most  interesting  and  instructive  feature  of  the  procession  01 
which  it  formed  more  than  one-half.  It  was  a  magnificent  panorama  of  the 
industries  of  a  great  city,  and  that  it  was  thoroughly  appreciated  by  those  for 
whom  it  was  arranged,  was  demonstrated  by  the  hearty  and  emphatic 
expressions  of  wonder  and  pleasure  it  elicited.  There  were  725  decorated 
Wagons  and  4,300  actual  participants.  Every  wagon  on  parade  was  highly 
decorated,  and  with  exquisite  taste,  but^confined  to  national  colors  or  local 
manufacturers  principally,  and  with  plenty  of  evergreens.  The  designs  and 
mottoes  on  the  wagons  were  unique,  and  all  referred  to  the  Northern  Pacific, 
the  Far  West  and  the  benefit  to  be  derived  by  St.  Paul  from  the  opening  of 
the  road.  There  was  not  a  conspicuous  attempt  at  advertising,  but  nearly  all 
united  in  making  the  display  of  St.  Paul  stocks  pay  tribute  to  the  great 
completed  enterprise,  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad.    Nearly  all  the  wagons 

3 


34  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

were  drawn  by  four  horses.  A  detailed  report  could  not  be  made  complete, 
but  a  good  idea  of  the  magnitude  and  effect  may  be  gleaned  from  the 
following: 

The  division  was  headed  by  the  Pioneer  Press  wagon,  on  which  was  a  large  printing  press 
operated  by  steam,  and  supplying  the  demand  for  copies  of  an  exhaustive  review  of  St.  Paul. 
Thousands  of  pony  copies  were  struck  off  and  distributed. 

Lindekes,  Warner  &  Schurmeier— Large  wagon  illustrating  home  industries;  ten  steam  sewing 
machines,  at  which  girls  wire  making  flannel  shirts.  A  wagon  containing  fancy  silks  and  ladies' 
cloths  was  attended  by  clerks  in  evening  dress.  The  cotton  goods  wagon  had  some  small  speci- 
mens of  the  smaller  colored  brother  and  clerks.  The  white  goods  wagon  was  attended  by  clerks  in 
white  clothes  and  hats.  A  Yankee  notions  wagon,  well-filled  had  as  its  guardian  a  number  of 
salesmen  in  Brother  Jonathan  costume. 

Habighorst  &  Sons,  highly  decorated  fancy  goods  wagon  with  lady  clerks. 

Campbell  &  Burbank,  wholesale  clothing,  two  four-horse  wagons  loaded  with  gentlemen's  dress 
goods,  and  another  with  boxes  for  points  on  the  Northern  Pacific. 

Gordon  &  Ferguson,  wagon  with  bales  and  bundles  of  hides  and  furs  for  coats  and  caps  piled 
in  a  pyramid  and  surmounted  by  a  huge  buffalo.  The  second  wagon  was  draped  with  robes  and/ur 
trimmings,  and  filled  with  men  engaged  in  their  manutacture. 

Adam  Fetsch,  cigars  and  tobacco — A  large  wagon,  with  golden  bell  in  the  center,  symbolic  of 
the  principal  brand  of  cigars  sold  by  the  firm.  Surrounding  the  bell  were  workmen  engaged  in 
making  cigars,  which  were  freely  distributed  to  the  crowd  lining  the  line  of  procession. 

Auerbach,  Finch  &  Van  Slyck — Represented  by  a  total  of  twenty,  four,  two  and  single  horse 
teams — of  which  ten  were  four  horse — drawing  trucks  enclosed  and  canopied  with  red,  white  and 
blue  cloth,  while  from  the  standards  and  all  other  available  spaces  were  displayed  flags,  streamers, 
etc.,  in  profusion,  while  the  interior  was  piled  full  of  goods  in  the  roll  belonging  to  the  different 
departments.  The  truck  devoted  to  the  manufacturing  department  was  a  mammoth  affair,  the 
platform  extending  many  feet  over  the  truck  on  either  side,  and  bearing  an  engine  operating  a  half 
dozen  sewing  machines  and  a  knitting  machine,  with  ladv  operators,  making  goods  that  will  go  to 
make  up  future  shipments.  Sandwiched  between  these  canopied  department  four  horse  trucks 
were  ordinary  delivery  drays,  lo  ided  with  boxed  goods  consigned  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  Of  the 
department  displays,  the  richest  in  material  and  most  attractive  was  that  of  the  carpet  department, 
occupying  two  trucks,  one  of  which  was  designed  to  represent  a  drawing  room,  showing  shades, 
hangings,  etc.,  the  cost  price  of  which  exceeded  $4,000.  A  deci  "ed  feature  was  a  dray  bearing  the 
sample  trunks  of  the  ubiquitous  and  never  tiring  traveling  salesmen  of  the  firm.  Nat.  Singleton, 
checked  through  to  Portland,  Oregon,  with  the  inscription,  "Nat.  Singleton,  baggage  checked 
to  Portland,  via  N.  P.  R.  R.  So  long,  boys."  Another  inscription  was,  "Pig's  Eye  to  Portland, 
via  N.  P.  R.  R.,"  and  still  another,  "First  shipment  to  China  via  N.  P.  R.  R." 

B.  Sommer — One  wagon  with  mammoth  boxes,  containing  notions  and  toys. 

"Ward,  Hill  &  McClellan— Wagon  filled  with  toys. 

Powers,  Durkee  &  Co. — Six  wagons  loaded  with  flannels  and  cloth  goods. 

J.  Oppenheim — Wagons  loaded  with  silks,  satins  and  notions.  Some  in  boxes  and  others 
tastefully  arranged. 

Guiterman  di  Co.— Exhibit  of  gentlemen's  manufactured  furnishing  goods. 

Albrecht,  Lanpher  &  Finch — Two  large  wagons  joined  together  and  loaded  with  furs.  On 
their  first  truck,  covered  with  robes  and  neatly  trimmed,  drawn  by  four  handsomely  dressed 
horses,  were  eight  men  dressed  in  different  styles  of  fur  suits,  surrounded  by  all  kinds  of  manufac- 
tured goods.  In  the  center  of  the  first  truck,  was  a  huge  reindeer,  hitched  to  a  snow  sled, 
connecting  the  first  with  the  second  truck,  and  bearing  the  motto:  "The  first  mode  of  travel  on 
the  N.  P."  The  second  truck  had  an  open  arched  roofing,  trimmed  with  furs  in  festoons,  underneath 
which  was  seated  a  hunter  upon  the  carcass  and  between  the  antlers  of  a  deer. 

Young,  Streissguth  &  Drake,  wholesale  dealers  in  hats,  caps,  furs,  made  a  unique  and 
attractive  display.  The  first  wagon  represented  their  salesman  in  China  exhibiting  his  goods  to  a 
native,  two  live  bears  in  captivity  serving  to  emphasize  the  nature  of  the  business  of  the  "Yankee 
abroad."  Their  second  was  a  combination  of  snow,  cold  and  civilization,  i.  e.,  the  trimming  of 
horses  and  truck  was  aground  work  of  black,  bespattered  with  cotton  batting  to  represent  snow. 
On  the  truck  surrounded  by  robes  and  furs,  was  a  two-seated  sleigh  with  driver  dressed  in  furs, 
the  front  seat  of  the  sleigh  being  occupied  by  two  "untutored  red  men,"  dressed  in  their  war  paint, 
feathers,  breech-cloths,  blankets,  etc.,  while  opposite  them  sat  two  other  "red  men"  over  whom 
the  wand  of  civilization  had  passed,  dressed  in  silk  hats,  cut-away  coats,  tight  pants  and  pointed- 
toed  boots.    Their  third  was  a  representation  of  the  manufacturing  department. 

Allen,  Moon  &  Co.  presented  seven  wagons,  one  with  six  horses.  All  were  driven  by  men  with 
red  shirts  and  white  helmets.  The  first  wagon  was  filled  with  tobacco  and  cigars,  and  attended  by 
two  Indians.  Another  wagon  was  loaded  with  tea,  while  a  similar  rig  had  coffee  sacks.  Two 
tandem  teams  loaded  with  canned  goods  from  California  and  Oregon,  A  wagon  held  a  number  of 
large  cables,  which  were  tended  by  a  sailor  in  the  United  Kates  naval  uniform.  Their  last  wagon 
was  loaded  with  canned  goods,  fruits,  sugar  and  notions.    All  the  wagons  were  draped. 

Holl  &  Paar — Two  wagons  of  general  supplies. 

Maxfield  &  Seabury — Four  wagons  loaded  wi'h  teas,  California  canned  fruits,  Oregon  fish  and 
general  wholesale  groceries.  Teas  labeled  "Direct  from  Yokohoma  and  Hong  Kong,  etc."  Fruits, 
"From  San  Francisco  via  N.  P.  R.  R. ;  time  10}^  days;  distance  2,600  miles."  "Columbia  River 
Salmon  from  Astoria ;  time  8  days." 

Glidden,  Griggs  &  Co. — Wholesale  grocers.  This  firm  had  the  most  ingenious  display  of  the 
whole  division.    In  the  forward  wagon  was  a  large  engine  made  of  the  material  of  the  grocery 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


35 


36 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


trade.  The  drive  wheels  were  made  of  tubs,  the  piston  driving  rod  of  a  patent  broom  handle,  and 
the  smoke  stack  of  a  waste  paper  basket.  This  locomotive  was  one  of  the  most  creditable  features 
of  the  whole  grand  procession.    This  was  followed  by  a  wagon  built  into  a  box  car. 

P.  H.  Kelly  Mercantile  Company — Leading  their  phalanx  were  three  four-horse  transfer 
teams  loaded  with  teas  of  their  own  importation,  each  truck  handsomely  decorated  with  the  colors 
of  the  different  nationalities,  and  bearing  the  inscription;  "Occident  to  Orient,  Japan  to  St. 
Paul — twenty  days."  Following  came  two  decorated  trucks,  horses  tandem,  loaded  with  California 
fruits  and  Columbia  River  Salmon,  with  the  inscription:  "Portland  to  St.  Paul — six  days." 
Following  there  was  an  immense  four-horse  truck  enclosed  in  cloth  combining  the  national  colors, 
and  profusely  decorated,  representing  the  coffee  and  spice  department  of  the  house,  in  which  was 
a  large  force  of  employes  engaged  in  putting  up  their  celebrated  brands  of  package  coffee,  viz.: 
"White  Seal"  and  "Old  Reliable." 

Beaupre,  Keogh  &  Co.— Wagons  fixed  up  to  represent  the  office;  dried  fruits  and  canned 
goods  staple,  shipping  and  importing;   and  cigar  and  tobicco  departments. 

Yanz  &  Howes — Wholesale  grocers.  Four  wagons  loaded  with  the  various  staple  goods  dealt  ia 
»y  the  firm. 

Standard  Oil  Co. — Two  great  delivery  tanks. 

August  Beck  &  Co. — Cigars  and  tobacco  in  pails  and  packages,  and  attended  by  the  cigar  store 
Indians,  etc.    The  wagon  was  decorated  with  tobacco  signs. 

.1  >hnson  Bros.  &  Loomis— Hard  wood  mantels  without  number,  and  men  engaged  in  their 
manufacture, 

A.  Booth,  oyster  house — Large  wagon  filled  with  oyster  boxes  and  signs. 

( Jardozo  Bros. — Two  men  on  horseback,  followed  by  wagon  loaded  with  fancy  furniture. 

Minnesota  Shoe  Company — Wagon  with  ladies  at  sewing  machine  at  work  on  uppers  and  men 
at  work  putting  shoes  together  by  machinery. 

VV.  II.  Konantz  &  Bros. — One  four-horse  wagon  covered  with  horse  blankets  and  below 
exhibiting  harness  makers  at  work.  This  was  followed  by  a  smaller  wagon  containing  fancy 
harness. 

Charles  G.  Schmidt — Harness  wagon,  canopied  and  surmounted  by  small  pony  draped  with 
horse  blankets  and  lap  robes  and  occupied  by  harness  makers  at  work. 

St.  Paul  Rubber  Company — Rubber  goods  of  all  description  and  variety. 

Merrell,  Sahlgaard  &  Thwing — Wholesale  druggists;  display  of  drugs,  chemicals  and  oils  on 
two  four-horse  trucks  finely  decorated.       , 

Northwestern  Paint  Company — Paints,  oils  and  varnishes. 

E,  F.  Berrisford— Crackers  and  confectioneries;  five  wagons. 

Noyes  Bros.  &  Cutler — Importers  and  wholesale  druggists;  five  wagons. 

C.  R.  Groff— Snowflake  baking  powders.  A  beautiful  chariot,  with  pretty  young  lady  sitting 
on  a  high  throne. 

Conrad  Gotzian  &  Co. — Manufacturers  and  jobbers  of  boots  and  shoes.  The  firm  had  in  line 
two  large  wagons  heavily  laden  with  samples  of  the  goods  of  the  house.  These  were  followed  by 
the  employes  of  the  firm  to  the  number  of  250.  The  various  departments  marched  together,  with 
banners  telling  to  which  one  they  belonged. 

Averill,  Russell  &  Carpenter — Stationery  and  papers.  Three  wagons,  containing  all  kinds  of 
papers  for  building  and  general  use,  stationery,  etc.;  followed  by  wagon  with  boxes  for  the 
Northern  Pacific. 

George  D.  Barnard  &  Co. — Blank  book  manufacturers,  had  a  wagon  containing  large  blank 
books,  the  center  being  formed  by  a  large  ledger  two  feet  thick. 

Joseph  Ullmann — Wagon  filled  with  hides  and  buffalo  robes. 

P.  R.  L.  Hardenbergh  &  Co. — Harness  and  saddlery,  four  wagons.  One  drawing  a  workshop 
with  men  at  work,  another  finished  goods  and  the  others  goods  in  bulk  ready  for  shipment. 

Charles  Friend — Harness  and  saddlery,  one  large  wagon. 

W.  H.  Garland — Trunks,  two  large  wagons;  the  first  loaded  with  trunks,  and  the  second  fitted 
up  to  represent  the  workshop,  where  men  were  engaged  putting  trunks  together. 

St.  Paul  Book  &  Stationery  Company — Omnibus  with  employes. 

Bradner  Smith  Paper  Company — Samples  of  wrapping,  printing  and  other  papers. 

Peyer  &  Lewis,  hardware  manufacturers— Wagon  containing  stoves  and  men  making  tinware. 

Mayo  &  Clark,  hardware— This  firm  had  three  wagons  drawn  by  mules.  The  first  contained 
baskets  and  tin  and  iron  ware,  the  second  light  agricultural  implements  and  barb  fence,  and  the 
last  dairy  presses  and  agricultural  machines. 

Strong,  Hackett&  Co.,  hardware  dealers— Pres°nted  four  wagons.  The  first  was  in  the  shape 
of  a  pyramid  covered  wjth»ll  kinds  of  sporting  goods  and .  revolvers,  and  surmounted  by  decoy 
ducks.  The  base  of  the  pyramid  was  guarded  by  a  fence  of  rifles  in  stands.  Three  <to her  wagons 
were  filled  with  general  wholesale  hardware. 

F.  S.  Draper,  hardware  wagon  with  light  hardware. 

Nichols  &  Dean,  hardware  and  heavv  iron — This  firm  sent  out  first  a  light  go-cart,  which  was 
followed  by  a  huge  anvil  eight  feet  high,  surmounted  by  a  golden  anvil.  Two  other  wagons  were 
filled  with  hardware, 

J.  M.  Brunswick  &  Balke  Co.,  billiard  table  manufacturers,  wagon  with  billiard  table.  Banner: 
"The  Northern  Pacific  R.  R.  and  the  Brunswick  &  Balke  Co.  discount  the  world.  One  spans  a 
continent  with  rails,  the  other  with  its  sales." 

A.  K,  Pruden.  stoves  and  ranges,  two  wagons. 

Biebighauser  &  Co.,  stoves  and  ranges,  one  wagon. 

Burn  ham  &  Jones,  cement,  drain  and  sewer  pipe,  three  wagons. 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS.  37 

Breuer  &  Rhodes,  carriagemakers'  tools  and  supplies  and  heavy  hardware,  two  wagons. 

Robinson  &  Cary,  heavy  hardware  and  railroad  machinery,  steam  engines  at  work.  Inscrip- 
tion, "The  great  blow,  N.  P.  1883." 

J.  J.  Dunnigan,  plumber,  with  a  large  display  of  pipes,  faucets  and  other  various*  articles 
used  in  the  plumbing  trade. 

Simmon's  novelty  shoeing  shop,  representation  of  a  blacksmith  shop.  On  the  wagon  was  a 
horse  ready  to  be  shod. 

W.  R.  Burkhardt,  guns  and  sporting  goods,  two  wagons. 

Harwell,  Ozmun  &  Jackson,  hardware  and  house-furnishing  goods,  four  wagons.  Inscription, 
"First  all  rail  shipment  to  Portland." 

Adam  Decker,  wholesale  hardware,  five  wagons. 

Brand  &  Co.,  stoves  and  ranges,  three  wagons. 

Chris.  Stahhnan  Brewing  Company,  brewers— This  firm  presented  a  first  class  appearance.    All 
their  wagons  were  driven  by  men  wearing  white  high  hats  with  a  blue  band. .  The  first  wagon  held 
a  huge  beer  hogshead,  which  was  surmounted  by  a  model  Gambrinus;  the  three  following  -u  a 
contained  large  butts  and  ordinary  beer  kegs.    Two  other  wagons  contained  the  employes  dressed 
in  blue  overalls  and  drinking  beer  from  old  stone  mugs. 

Phil.  Best  Brewing  Company— Three  wagons  loaded  with  kegs,  and  boxes  of  bottled  beer. 

William  Constans,  agent  Schlitz  beer — Three  wagons. 

B.  Kuhl  &  Co.,  liquor  dealers— Two  wagons,  one  with  wine  vats  and  one  with  kegs  and  boxes. 

Theodore  Hamm,  Excelsior  Brewery.  The  second  wagon  contained  three  targe  beer  tanks  and  the 
third  represented  a  garden  scene,  with  two  goats  upon  top,  symbolie  of  the  beer  drank  beneath  t  hem. 

William  Constans,  brewer's  supplied;  three  wagons. 

B.  Blatz,  Milwaukee  beer;  one  wagon. 

P.  J.  Bowlin&  Co.,  importers  of  wines  and  liquors.  The  two  handsome  casks  of  the  firm 
were  loaded  upon  the  third  wagon. 

Banholzer's  North  Mississippi  brewery;  tliree  wagons. 

J.  W.  Kline,  cooper;  representation  of  cooper  shop  with  workmen  plying  their  trade. 

Murray  &  Allie,  coopers,  with  coopers  at  work  on  barrels. 

TheGruber  City  Cooper  shops;  wagon  with  busy  workmen,  followed  by  another  containing  a 
large  well  curb  labeled.     "Made  for  the  Northern  Pacific." 

Board  of  Education  wagon  had  a  mounted  sign  showing  the  seal  of  the  board,  the  date  of 
erection  of  schools  and  valuation  of  school  houses  and  sites  §505,100.  and  the  enrollment  of  pupils 
by  the  year  which  is  as.  follows:  18 JO,  682;  1870,  2,689;  1880,  4,338:  1881,  4,80?,  1882,  6,725;  1883, 
11,805. 

Breen  &  Young,  stone  quarry,  four-horse  wagon,  containing  men  dressing  stone  sidewalk ing. 

St.  Paul  Wire  Works,  two  wagons  loaded  with  fencing  screens,  signs  and  cages. 

Prendergast  Bros.,  hardware  and  stoves,;  a  two-story  shop  in  which  men  were  busily  at  work 
upon  stoves  and  tinware. 

Tipper  &  Kiesler,  stoves  and  ranges;  two  wagons. 

Kennedy  Bros.,  guns  and  ammunition,  with  wagon  representing  a  piece  of  light  artillery. 

Palmer  &  Smith,  cut  stone  contractors;  two  wagons. 

R.  G.  Dun  &  Co.,  Mercantile  Agency;  a  mammoth  ledger  standing  upright  «n  a  wagon. 
Motto:  "The  Old  Reliable.    Jt  comes  high,  but  you  must  have  it." 

Walker,  Judd  &  Veazie;  lumber  wagons  loaded  with  various  kinds  of  hard  and  s»ft  lumber, 
oommencing  at  a  huge  log  and  ending  with'light  pine  laths  and  shingles. 

J.  DeGraw  &Sons,  lumber;  two  wagons,  loaded. 

Edwards  &  Holton,  lumber  mills;  six-horse  wagon  with  logs  and  three  wagons  with  lumber 
and  shingles. 

J.  P.  Gribben  &  Co..  lumber;  two  wagons  loaded  with  dressed  pine  stacked  in  keystone  form. 

John  Martin,  lumber;  four  wagons. 

C.  E.  Keller  &  Co.,  lumber;  with  four  wagons,  one 'bearing  in  largeOrman  type  the  following 
tribute  to  Mr.  Villard:  "Welcome  to  our  German  guests;  long  live  Villard.'' 

Corlies,  Chapman  &  Drake,  hardwood  lumber. 

Mueller,  Penderson  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  sash,  doors  and  blinds;  three  wagons. 

8.  E.  Smith  &  Bros.,  manufacturers  of  stairways;  two  wagons. 

Taylor  &  Craig;  representation  of  saw  mill,  followed  by  fifty  employes. 

Bohn  Manufacturing  Co.,  lumber  and  manufacturing  of  sash,  doors  and  blinds:  lix-tara* 
wagon  containing  three  logs,  four  wagons  of  lumber,  mouldings,  and  a  model  of  a  three-story  liaiue 
house.    All  the  employes  were  in  blue  flannel  suits. 

T.  A.  Abbott  &  Co.,  sash  makerfi;  four  wagons  with  doors,  sash  and  blinds. 

Wilson  &  Monkhouse,  wood- workers -r  two  wagons;  one  with  fancy  house  stracture  and, 
another  with  fences  of  wood  and  iron. 

L.  Rood,  builder,  fancy  wood  window  cases  ornamented  with  shavings,  and  ©ne  wagon  with 
saws  at  work. 

Wilcken  &  Romer,  contractors;  large  carpenter  shop,  and  another  wagon  with  brick  frame 
and  derrick;  one  with  fancy  sash  and  doors. 

J.  H.  Schurmeier,  manufacturer  of  wagons;  very  large  blacksmith  and  cnrriage  shop,  nun  at 
work;  four  lines  various  kinds  of  wagont,  buggies  and  sleighs  in  all  conditions. 

Blodgett  &  Osgood,  Fisher  refrigerator  manufacturers;  one  wagon. 

St.  Paul  Harvester  Works;  four  wagons.     Harvesters  in  full  operation. 

St.  Paul  Plow  Works;  three  wagons. 

Dennett,  farm  machinery;  three  wagons. 


o 


S  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


B,  D.  Buford  &  Co.,  agricultural  implements;  four  wagons.    A  notable  display. 
Tusler,  De  Long  &  Co.,  farm  machinery;  three  wagons. 

Pilkingham  &  Co.,  threshers  and  other  farm  machinery. 
Colbert,  Hill  &  Co.,  wooden  ware;  two  wagons. 

C.  B.  Thurston;  two  wagons  agricultural  implements,  lady  driving  hay  rake  and  seeder  at 
work.    Very  novel  and  attractive. 

A.  Nippolt,  carriages  and  sleighs;  two  teams. 

Mahle  &  Suhlmen,  wagonmakers;  large  wagon  with  men  at  work  at  their  trade. 

Wilson  &  Rogers,  farm  machinery;  three  teams  drawing  engine,  an  old  farmer  on  reaper  and 
a  hay  rake. 

Pollock,  Donaldson  &  Ogden,  crockery,  china  and  glassware;  two  wagons. 

T.  S.  McManu.s,  candr,  which  was  freely  distributed  to  the  children  along  the  route. 

Craig,  Larkin  &  Smith,  glassware;  five  wagons,  one  loaded  with  window  exhibit  of  fancy 
goods  and  with  boxes. 

McCarthy  &  Verplank,  cigars  and  confectionery;  two  wagons,  one  containing  candy-makers  at 
work  and  distributing  taffy  to  the  excited  populace. 

Union  Roller  Mills;  wagon  with  Red  Star  flour. 

Van  Hoven  Live  Stock  Company;  three  wagons  with  meat  and  employes. 

Menk  Bros.,  wholesale  flour,  grain  and  produce  dealers. 

Griggs  Bros.,  general  grain  commision  merchants. 

Drake  Brothers,  arctic  stores,  model  houses. 

Union  Yard  stone  cutters. 

Grunhagen  &  Frey,  manufacturers  of  Minnesota  Cigar,  turned  out  a  large  decorated  platform 
wagon  drawn  by  four  horses,  with  the  platform  occupied  by  a  dozen  or  more  cigar  makers  busily  at 
work  rolling  and  finishing  cigars,  which  were  distributed  en  route.  The.  canopy  over  the  plat- 
form bore  at  the  front  the  words,  ''Manufacture  Weekly  Eighty  Thousand  Cigars,'  at  the  rear  the 
firm's  trade  mark,  a  five-pointed  star  with  a  cigar  on  each  upper  corner,  and  on  each  side, 
'Grunhagen  &  Frey,  Minnesota  Star  Cigar  Factory," 

Stone,  retail  grocer;   three  wagons. 

Griggs  &  Co.,  retail  grocers;  two  wagons. 

B.  Presley  &  Co.,  wholesale  fruits,  with  the  motto,  "To  the  Fruit  Growers  of  Washington  and 
Oregon  Territories,  shake."  The  exhibit  also  bore  the  inscription  "We  receive  three  car  loads  of 
California  fruit  per  week,  three  years  ago  we  received  but  three  per  season." 

Northwestern  Fuel  Company;  twenty  wagons. 

St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Coal  and  Iron  Company,  A.  Pugh,  agent;  twenty  wagons. 

John  Dowlan,  wood  and  coal;  one  wagon  drawn  by  six  spans  of  mules. 

C.  Herrmeyer,  coal  and  wood;  two  wagons. 

F.   H,  Pratt  &  Son,  coal  and  wood;  four  wagons. 

Superior  Coal  and  Iron  Company;  three  wagons. 

J.   Haycock,  wood;  two  wagons. 

J.  A.  Bailey,  wood;  two  wagons. 

Nathan  Ford,  musical  instruments;  large  wagon  with  two  pianos,  two  church  and  a  cabinet 
organ,  two  wagons. 

Sansome  Bros.,  builders;  two  wagons. 

Thon  &  Hamm,  Sunbeam  flour;  two  wagons. 

Griggs  &  Foster,  wood;  with  engine  and  three  wagons. 

Griggs  &  Foster,  wood  and  coal;  fourteen  wagons. 

Smith  &  Lewis,  wood  and  coal;  engine  and  two  wagons. 

Dyer&  Howard,  musical  instruments;  four  wagons,  the  first  containing  Steinway  pianos,  the 
second  brass  band  instruments  in  the  shape  of  the  letter  "V"  on  high  pyramid,  the  third  miscel- 
laneous and  string  instruments,  and  the  fourth  with  piano  makers  at  work. 

W.  W.  Kimball  &  Co.,  musical  instruments  and  organs. 

American  Sewing  Machine  Company;  four  wagons. 

Domestic  Sewing  Machine  Company;  six  small  wagons  and  one  drawn  by  eight  horses. 

Herzog  Manufacturing  Company;  three  wagons  of  wire  work  and  fences. 

Schnell  &  Upheber,  wire  fences  and  goods. 

Fairbanks,  Morse  &  Co.,  scales;  one  very  large  wagon.  A  wonderful  display  of  scales,  mills, 
grocers'  fixtures,  etc. 

E.  E.  Scribner,  roofing  and  sheet  Iron  works;  two  wagons,  one  containing  men  at  work  on 
huge  zinc  dome.  This  is  the  second  largest  firm  in  this  line  in  the  United  States,  and  it  supplied 
cornices  and  roofing  for  nearly  all  the  immense  blocks  shown  in  our  illustrations. 

St.  Paul  Marble  Works;  men  at  work  cutting  and  polishing. 

Minnesota  Steam  Marble  Works;  fancy  marble  mantels. 

Lauer  Bros.,  contractors;  six-horse  wagons,  men  at  work  cutting  stone,  mixing  mortar  and 
erecting  a  house;  another  wagon  with  men  drilling  large  stone. 

W.  Wenisch,  stone  mason;  two  wagons,  men  employed. 

Andrew  Schlitz,  brick  maker;  wagon  containing  men  making  handmade  brick. 

St.  Paul  Foundry;  seven  wagons,  containing  fences,  stoves,  large  castings,  car  wheels,  black- 
smith shop  at  work  and  casting  makers. 

Union  Iron  and  Steel  Works;  four  wagons,  containing  exhibit  and  men  at  work. 

St.  Paul  Brass  Works:  two  wagons,  showing  exhibit  of  work  and  men  polishing  and 
making  castings  and  moulds. 

Kenny  Bros.,  boiler  makers;  men  at  work  on  large  wagon. 


+0  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

Washington  Steam  Engine  Works;  two  six-horse  wagons,  containing  large  machinery  and 
castings. 

Capital  Iron  Works;  wagon  with  men  at  work  on  steam  lathe. 

Melgren,  steel  and  copper  plate  engraving,  with  printing  press  at  work. 

American  Manufacturing  Co.,  machine  pattern  and  blacksmith  shop,  with  men  at  work, 

Roger  &  Davis,  steam  fittings. 

E.  F.  Osborne;  four  wagons,  showing  steam  heaters  and  ventilators. 

Lindeke,  Ladd  &  Co.,  dry  goods;  display  of  fancy  dry  goods. 

Mannheimer  Bros.,  dry  goods;  three  wagons,  being  a  delivery  wagon,  one  fancy  goods  and  o»e 
of  staple  dress  goods.  The  wagons  were  loaded  with  costly  fabrics.  One  team  was  set  apart  for 
valuable  fancy  silks  and  laces,  displayed  in  a  wonderfully  attractive  and  showy  manner.  Besides 
the  silKs  and  laces  there  was  a  world  of  Persian  goods  of  beautiful  patterns,  Indian  shawls,  moire 
antiques,  imported  fans  formed  of  graceful  ostrich  feathers  and  tips. 

New  York  Bazar,  ladies'  dress  goods. 

Mrs.  Lyles,  Hair  Bazar;  four  ladies  in  hack,  showing  effects  of  powder  and  false  hair. 

Eldridge  &  Ruff,  two  wagons  showing  fancy  parlor  furniture  and  an  old  couple  in  a  fancy  a*d 
comfortable  bed. 

M.  A.  Bigford  &  Co.,  Hall's  Safe  &  Lock  Company. 

C.  C.  Miles,  Detroit  safe  and  electric  alarms;  four  wagons. 

Leduc  &  Madon,  carri  age  makers;  four  wagons. 

George  Powers,  carriage  and  sleigh  makers. 

McMaster  &  Getty,  druggists  with  large  mortar,  on  which  were  a  skull  and  cross  bones. 

Carl  Simmons,  druggist,  with  an  old  alchginist  at  work  and  boys  preparing  drugs;  three 
wagons. 

Sattler  Bros.,  clothing, 

H.  C.  Crippen  &  Co.,  trunks;  two  wagons. 

Frank  Wenerka,  carriage  trimmings. 

H.  S.  Temple,  taxidermist;  large  display  of  stuffed  heads,  skins,  etc. 

Croonquest&  Peterson,  clothiers. 

Berlandi  &  Bott,  lithographers. 

R.  E.  A.  Whity,  printer. 

Robert  Seeger,  vapor  stoves. 

Edward  Dahl,  furniture. 

A.  Roedler,  furniture. 

St.  Paul  Furniture  Co.,  furniture. 

E.  S.  Norton,  real  estate  dealer;  five  carriages  and  buggies. 

A.  B.  Wilgus  &  Co.,  real  estate;  carriage  containing  model  house. 

P.  T.  Kavanagh,  auctioneer;  auction  business  in  wagon  at  work.     One  of  the  m«it  •CWiiv* 
displays,  auctioneer  Doherty  distributing  tea  direct  from  Japan. 
Michaud  Bros.,  grocers;  five  wagons. 
Minnesota  Bottling  Co,;  two  large  beer  wagons. 
C.  J .  Fiese,  billiard  table. 
Myers  &  Finch,  manufacturers  of  jewelry. 
Bwedish  Co-operative  Association,  grocers;  two  wagons. 
Moss'  retailgrocery. 
J.  C.  Harrigan,  grocery;  four  wagons. 
Monfort  &  Co.,  groceries  and  wines.     A  mammoth  display  of  fine  goods. 

F.  Ducius,  baker;  two  wagons. 
Harrison  &  Co.,  clothing. 

St.  Paul  Milk  Company. 

Beyer  &  Lux,  contractors;  ten  wagons. 

John  Matheis,  carpets,  Turkish  rugs  and  wall  papers.  In  the  rear  wagon  were  several  w4M*te* 
engaged  in  sewing  carpets,  the  van  being  made  to  show  a  splendid  interior  with  the  most  perfect 
fttings  of  lace  curtains,  rich  carpet,  bei|(pful  wall  decorations,  etc. 

Boston  One-Pric«  Clothing  House. 

Globe  Clothing  House. 

Larson  &  Co.,  grocers;  two  wagons. 

C.  B.  Hess,  vegetables  and  canned  goods;  fiv«  wagon*. 

John  Kronz,  vegetables;  three  wagon*. 

Laundries ;  four  wagons. 

Glob«  Tea  Company;  two  wagon*, 

THE  ROUTE 

taken  by  the  procession  was  as  follows:  From  Seven  Corners  down  Third 
Street  to  "Washington,  up  Washington  to  Fifth,  down  Fifth  to  Market,  down 
Market  to  Third,  down  Third  to  Broadway,  up  Broadway  to  Fourth,  up  Fourth 
to  Sibley,  up  Sibley  to  Seventh,  down  Seventh  to  Olive,  up  Olive  to  Kinth,  up 
Mnth  to  Jackson,  down  Jackson  to  Seventh,  up  Seventh  to  Wabasha,  and 
thence  to  the  Capitol,  where  it  dispersed. 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS.  4.1 

SEEING   THE    CITY. 

Half  past  eleven,  the  time  for  leaving,  came,  and  still  the  end  of  the  pro- 
cession was  far  away.  The  guests  could  not  wait  to  see  more,  and  so  several 
sections  of  it  were  turned  off  down  Third  Street,  and  the  carriages  were  driven 
up  to  the  park  entrance  to  take  the  party  upon  a  tour  over  the  city.  The  guests 
were  speedily  in  their  places,  and  under  escort  of  the  committee  were  driven 
to  various  points  of  interest.  t  The  beautiful  upper  plateaus  of  St.  Anthony  Hill 
and  Dayton's  Bluff  were  visited  and  the  magnificent  views  of  Mississippi 
River  scenery,  stretching  away  to  Fort  Snelling  on  the  north,  and  to  the 
white  cliffs,  overhanging  Carver's  Cave  and  beyond  on  the  south  were  fully 
enjoyed  by  the  distinguished  guests.  The  colossal  palaces  of  trade  in  the 
wholesale  district  of  the  city  were  not  forgotten  and  excited  the  liveliest 
interest  and  fullest  inquiry.  In  the  afternoon  the  entire  party  gathered  at 
the  Union  Depot  for  the  departure  to  Hotel  Lafayette,  where  Mr.  Villard  and 
his  friends  were  the  guests  of  J.  J.  Hill,  Esq.,  of  St.  Paul,  president  of  the  St. 
Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Manitoba  Road. 

As  the  Villard  party  was  about  to  depart  from  the  Union  Depot  in  St.  Paul 
an  incident  of  something  more  than  transient  significance  occurred.  A  large 
crowd  had  gathered  about  President  Villard's  car.  In  response  to  loud  ca lis 
Mr.  Villard,  Gen.  Grant  and  William  M.  Evarts  came  to  the  rear  balcony  of  his 
car  and  bowed  their  acknowledgments.  As  the  train  was  about  to  pull  out 
President  Villard  advanced  a  step  and  made  a  brief  speech,  saying: 

Gentlemen  of  St.  Paul:  It  is  almost  unnecessary  for  me  to  express  to  you  my  appreciation  for 
this  kind  and  magnificent  reception.  You  we  II  know  that  you  have  my  heartielt  thanks.  I  only 
regret  that  I  can  not  have  all  the  citizens  of  St.  Paul  within  reach  of  my  voice,  so  that  they  might 
hear  my  personal  testimony  to  their  hospitality.  I  will  not  say  good-bye  to  you  now,  because  I 
shall  never  want  to  say  good-bye  to  St  Paul.  lam  going  away  from  you  for  a  little  while,  but  I 
hope  soon  to  be  with  you  again.  I  trust  that  in  the  future  I  shall  not  be  required  to  spend  so  much 
of  my  time  in  New  York,  as  I  have  in  the  past.  The  necessity  of  remaining  there  to  provide  for 
the  financial  necessities  of  the  road  is,  I  am  glad  to  say,  nearly  over.  It  is  now  time  to  settle  down 
more  in  St.  Paul — the  point  from  which  the  road  is  to  be  operated — and  see  that  it  is  managed  so 
as  to  reflect  credit  upon  the  company,  as  well  as  bring  prosperity  to  your  city  and  the  great  country 
it  traverses. 

Amid  the  thunder  of  cheers  and  martial  music  the  honored  guests  took 
their  departure  for  the  lovely  shores  of  Minnetonka  lakes,  impressed  beyond 
•xpression  by  the  grand  celebration  they  had  enjoyed. 


r\ecepf  lor)  •  o|  •  If  pesi<acr)f  •  /i^fi) 


UF. 


'HE  festivities  of  the  day  were  by  no  means  closed  at  the  departure  ml 
Mr.  Villard  and  his  guests,  for  a  most  important  duty  remained,  the 
reception  of  Chester  A.  Arthur,  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
who,  in  response  to  an  invitation  from  Mayor  C.  D.  O'Brien,  had 
shortened  his  visit  to  the  Northwest  and  hastened  from  the  Yellowstone  Park 
as  rapidly  as  steam  would  convey  him  to  attend  the  celebration  at  the 
eastern  terminus  of  the  railroad.  The  following  report  is  from  the  St.  Paul 
Daily  Globe: 

Promptly  at  3  o'clock  a  special  train  over  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad 
arrived  at  the  Union  Depot  bearing  President  Chester  A.  Arthur  and  the  party 
who  have  with  him  been  on  a  tour  through  the  mountain  regions  of  the  Went 
and  the  famous  Yellowstone  National  park.  The  depot  and  the  street* 
surrounding  and  adjacent,  were  crowded  with  people  anxious  to  catch  a 
glimpse  of  his  excellency  and  his  distinguished  companions. 


**  '  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

Tho  committee  of  city  officials  who  had  gone  to  meet  the  party  were  met 
at  the  car  as  it  drew  up  by  Mayor  O'Brien  and  a  .large  delegation  of  our  promi- 
nent citizens,  who  were  presented  in  due  form,  when,  with  little  ceremony, 
the  party  were  escorted  to  their  carriages.  Within  the  depot  a  detachment  of 
the  Twenty-fifth  regiment  was  drawn  up  on  either  side  of  the  main  hall,  and 
as  the  President  approached  they  presented  arms.  The  President,  locking 
arms  with  Mayor  O'Brien,  marched  down  the  aisle  with  head  uncovered  and 
acknowledged  the  cheers  of  the  multitude  as  he  emerged  from  the  Sibley 
Street  entrance  and  entered  the  carriage  in  waiting  for  him.  As  he  emerged  a 
presidential  salute  was  fired  by  the  Emmet  Light  Artillery.  In  the  carriage 
with  him  were  Hon.  Robert  T.  Lincoln,  Secretary  of  War,  Mayor  O'Brien  and 
Gov.  Hubbard.  In  the  carriage  following  were  seated  Lieut-  Gen.  Phil. 
H.  Sheridan,  Gen.  Alfred  H.  Terry,  ex-Gov.  Ramsey,  and  ex-Mayor  Edmund 
Rice.  The  carriages  following  were  occupied  by  the  remaining  members  of  the 
presidential  party  and  local  omcials  besides  officers  of  the  army  located  in  this 
city  and  Fort  Snelling. 

Between  the  open  ranks  of  the  Twenty-fifth  regiment  the  carriages 
proceeded,  escorted  by  a  platoon  of  police  under  command  of  Sergeant  Morgan, 
and  the  chief  marshal  of  the  day,  Gen.  John  B.  Sanborn,  and  his  aides,  all  in 
brilliant  uniform.  The  millitary  presented  a  fine  appearance  and  marched  to 
the  inspiriting  music  of  the  regimental  band.  From  Sibley  to  Rosabel,  from 
Rosabel  to  Fourth,  and  through  the  Northern  Pacific  arch,  up  Fourth  through 
the  St.  Paul  &  Omaha  Company  arch  to  Jackson ;  from  Jackson  to  Third ;  up 
Third  to  Wabasha,  and  from  Wabasha  to  the  State  capitol  the  procession 
moved ,  the  fire  department,  Ancient  Order  of  Hibernians  and  other  civic 
societies,  followed  by  a  large  number  of  carriages,  bringing  up  the  rear  of  the 
line.  All  along  the  route  the  president  was  received  with  round  after  round  of 
cheers,  an  honor  which  he  acknowledged  with  dignity,  frequently  uncovering 
in  response  to  the  salutations 

ARRIVING  AT  THE  CAPITOL 

all  the  bells  in  the  city  pealed  out  a  merry  chime.  The  party  disembarked  at 
the  Wabasha  Street  entrance  and  proceeded  without  delay  to  the  hall  of  the 
house  of  representatives  where  the  President  held  a  brief  reception  and  a  large 
number  01  prominent  citizens  were  presented  and  received  in  a  gracious 
manner.  A  collation  was  served  by  Magee  and  ample  justice  was  done  it  by 
all  present,  especially  the  President  and  his  companions  who  were  wearied 
by  their  long  ride  from  the  Yellowstone.  Following  this  the  President  held  * 
public  reception  in  the  governor's  room,  and  received  several  thousand  citizens 
who,  entering  at  Wabasha  Street  passed  through  the  room  and  out  by  the 
Cedar  Street  entrance.  This  was  continued  for  some  time  but  the  thousands 
•f  people  that  had  been  continually  multiplying  about  the  capitol  building 
were  increasing  at  a  fearful  rate  until  it  was  necessary  for  the  President  to 
come  out  of  the  room  into  the  main  hall,  where  he  continued  to  receive  the 
multitude  who  thronged  around  and  seemed  to  double  every  minute.  By 
this  time  there  had  come  to  be 

A  DREADFUL  CRUSH, 

outside  the  capitol  all  along  dowm  the  entrance  to  the  grounds,  even  to 
Wabasha  Street.  The  jam  caused  by  the  people  trying  to  get  in  was  something 
terrific  and  great  fears  were  felt  that  some  one  might  be  injured.  To  avoid  this, 
and  to  satisfy  the  thousands  upon  thousands  who  were  struggling  to  get  in,  it 
wras  thought  best  to  have  the  President  go  out  on  the  broad  steps  of  the  west 
entrance  and  show  himself  to  the  people.  Gov.  Hubbard  preceded  and 
introduced  the  President.  As  soon  as  the  latter  stepped  forward  the  crowd 
broke  into  a  shout — which  can  be  described  only  as  an  immense  roar.  Again 
and  again  wTas  it  repeated    Finally  the  President  got  a  chance  to  get  in  a  word. 


„:' 


iSP 

1  jh'sirii^ifH  \\ 

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)0£\ 

11  l.,.i '..-.I .,. . 

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44  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


HIS  THANKS. 

On  his  waving  his  hand,  as  much  as  to  ask  the  multitude  for  quiot,  the 
shouting  ceased  and  the  President  spoke  something  as  follows: 

Fellow  Citizens:  I  desire  to  thank  you  most  sincerely  aud  cordially  for  this  generous  and 
kind  reception,  and  to  express  my  wonder  at  all  that  I  see  here  in  this  City  of  St.  Paul.  I  think 
it  is  not  necessary  for  me  to  tell  you  that  my  warmest  sympathies  go  with  the  accomplishment  of 
the  great  public  work,  which  is  the  occasion  of  all  this  display  and  all  this  rejoicing,  and  in  honor 
of  which  you  have  engaged  in  this  great  celebration.  Thanking  you  again  for  the  kind  reception, 
I  bid  you  good-bye. 

The  President  immediately  re-entered  the  capitol  building,  and  soon  after 
emerged  from  the  south  entrance,  where  the  carriages  were  in  waiting.  The 
whole  party  resumed  their  seats  in  the  carriages  and  were  driven  out  on 
Summit  Avenue,  and  afterwards  to  the  depot,  where  the  President,  Gen. 
Sheridan  and  the  Secretary  of  War  reviewed  the  battalion  of  the  Twenty-fifth 
infantry,  U.  S.  A.,  Col.  Soldens.  After  this  the  President,  Gen.  Sheridan  and 
the  whole  party  resumed  their  seats  in  the  special  train,  and  at  5:30  p.  m.  the 
train  moved  out,  amid  the  cheering  of  the  crowd,  proceeded  to  Hotel 
Lafayette,  where  the  part^  were  the  guests  of  St.  Paul  for  the  evening. 

The  President  spoke  in  the  most  enthusiastic  terms  of  his  trip,  and  was 
surprised  at  the  magnificent  proportions  to  which  St.  Paul  has  grown  and  the 
many  evidences  of  substantial  prosperity  visible  on  every  hand,  He  stated  to 
a  Globe  representative  that  the  city  was  by  all  odds  the  most  metropolitan  in 
appearance  of  any  he  had  visited  East  or  West,  save  alone  New  York  and 
Chicago,  and  he  looked  to  see  this  the  greatest  distributing  point  of  the  West. 
The  only  regret  he  expressed  was  that  his  stay  here  was  to  be  so  short,  and 
that  he  could  have  no  time  to  more  thoroughly  inspect  the  city  and  its  indus- 
tries. After  the  banquet  the  President  and  suite  left  for  Chicago  via  the 
"Royal  Route." 

IN  THE  EVENING. 

The  magnificent  celebration  was  closed  in  St.  Paul  by  a  display  of  fireworks 
of  unusual  brilliancy  and  splendor,  on  the  island  above  the  bridge.  The 
programme  consisted  of  eighteen  set  pieces  appropriate  to  the  occasion, 
interpersed  with  rockets  and  brilliant  fires.  The  display  which  reflected 
great  credit  on  our  home  pyrotechnic  artist,  Mr.  Schmotter,  was  enjoyed  and 
vociferously  applauded  by  a  massive  audience.  During  the  evening  many 
business  houses  and  private  residences  were  beautifully  illuminated,  and  at 
iMdiiight  closed  the  grandest  day  in  the  history  of  St.  Paul. 


Ytyz  ■  (glperrjd  •  j^etrjquel 


,N  the  evening  of  the  eventful  3d  of  September,  the  municipality  mf 
St.  Paul  entertained  the  honored  guests  of  the  day  and  many  prominent 
citizens  of  the  city  and  state,  at  a  banquet  served  at  Hotel  "J  -a  Fayette 
which  from  a  height  of  ninety  feet  overlooks  the  beautiful  Minnetonka 
twin  lakes.  This  splendid  hotel  which  has  few  equals  in  1  he  country, 
and  is  the  property  of  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Manitoba  Railway,  was 
especially  fitted  for  such  grand  affairs.  The  edifice  which  is  1,100  feet  in  length 
and  is  a  marvel  of  beauty,  affords  ample  accommodation  for  1 ,000  guests.  To 
the  magnificent  banquetting  hall  of  this  imposing  summer  palace  the  scene  of 
8t.  Paul's  festivities  is  now  changed. 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


MARKET  HOUSE,  CORNER  SEVENTH  AND  WABASHA  STREETS. 


At  seven  o'clock  the  four  divisions  of  Mr.  Villard's  railroad  procession, 
President  Arthur's  special  and  the  special  St.  Paul  train,  had  landed  the 
1 ,000  guests  at  Hotel  La  Fayette  and  the  corridors  and  drawing  rooms  swarmed 
with  a  happy  throng,  and  it  was  indeed  a  notable  assembly— one  including 
more  men  of  prominence  and  brains,  than  are  often  found  together  on  any 
one  occasion  in  a  lifetime.    All  around  is 

A  SCENE  OP  ENCHANTMENT. 

The  grand  hallway  is  brightly  decorated,  the  principal  display  being  in  the 
rotunda,  from  all  the  "balconies  of  which  hung  rows  of  bright-colored  Chinese 
lanterns,  while. the  pillars  from  the  floor  to  the  high  roof  are  faced  with 
streamers,  red,  white  and  blue.  But  what  is  all  this  to  the  banquet  hall?  Here 
is  magnificence  itself.  Decorations  rich  and  profuse,  in  which  the  prevailing 
colors  are  red  and  old  gold,  have  given  the  blank  white  waUs  an  appearance 
most  gorgeous.  Along  the  cornices  and  across  the  ceiling,  extend  in  graceful 
festoons,  cords  of  evergreen  and  streamers  of  drapery.  All  the  spaces  between 
the  windows  are  filled  in  with  light  emblematic  shields,  and  mottoes  and 


46 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


emblematic  devices  cover  such  wall  spaces  as  are  left.  The  glare  of  the  electric 
lights  is  softened  by  the  use  of  tinted  globes,  and  thereby  the  effect  of  richness 
is  heightened.  There  is  nothing  tawdry  or  bizarre  in  the  effect.  All  is  in  good 
taste.  When  one  recovers  from  the  general  impressions  given  by  the  scene, 
he  reads,  in  the  details  of  the  decoration,  a  grand  scheme  from  which  all  the 
possibilities  of  the  great  transcontinental  highway  are  shadowed  forth..  Upon 
the  right  hand  siie,  on  entering  the  hall,  is  a  series  of  shields,  in  the  national 
colors,  and  bearing  in  their  centers  respectively  the  great  seals  of  Minnesota, 
Dakota,  Montana,  Washington  Territory  and  Idaho.  The  shields  are  arranged 
between  the  windows  in  order  named.  Upon,  the  opposite  wall  is  a  series  of 
similar  shields,  in  the  center  of  which  are  mottoes,  as  follows:  Minnesota — 
"The  Terminal  State— N.  P.  R.  R. — Mississippi  and  Lake  Superior."  Dakota 
— "The  Granary  of  the  world."  This  motto  surrounds  a  sheaf  of  wheat. 
Montana — "Cattle  on  a  Thousand  Hills."  Idaho — "Gold  and  Silver  are  Ours." 
Washington  Territory — "Ye  Monarch  of  the  "Forest" — accompanied  by  repre- 
sentation of  a  pine  tree.    Oregon — "To  the  Orient — The  Pacific  State." 

ANOTHER    SERIES. 

Beyond  these  shields  and  filling  all  the  remaining  spaces  between  the 
windows  on  both  sides  to  the  head  of  the  hall,  is  another  series,  unon  which 
are  inscribed  respectively  the  names  of  the  ten  principal  commercial  cities  of  the 
globe,  namely:  Calcutta, Bremen,  Canton,  Havre,  San  Francisco,  London,  Liver- 
pool, New  Orleans,  New  York,  Hamburg.  Each  of  those  shields  is  painted  with 
the  colors  of  the  nation,  in  which  the  city  named  thereon  is  located.  From 
these  shields  representing  the  commercial  cities  extend  wreaths  of  green  and 
streamers  of  red  and  old  gold  to  the  center  of  the  ceiling,  all  being  united  in  a 
golden  hub.  All  the  shields  are  draped  with  flags,  and  over  each  is  a  wreath 
of  live  flowers.  The  decorations  at  the  head  of  the  hall  are  even  more  elaborate 
than  any  that  have  yet  been  described. 

THE  SPANNING    BRIDGE. 

Extending  across  the  hall  from  side  to  side  against  the  ceiling  is  a  device 
representing  a  bridge,  the  spans  being  made  of  wreaths  of  green.  Along  this 
allegorical  highway  are  the  names  of  the  termini  and  principal  stations  along 
the  Northern  Pacific  line — St.  Paul,  Duluth,  Fargo,  Bismarck,  National  Park, 
Helena,  Puget  Sound,  Portland — the  background  for  the  bridge  is  formed  of 
American  flags  at  each  side  and  the  German  and  English  flags  mingling  in  the 
center.  In  the  midst  of  all  is  a  large  crayon  portrait  of  President  villard, 
framed  in  a  wreath  of  cut  flowers,  with  the  letters  N.  P.  R.  R.  and  H.  V.  on 
each  side.  Above  the  portrait,  in  large  letters  and  festooned  with  flowers  and 
drapery,  is  the  legend  "St.  Paul  Welcomes  You."  This  completes  the  decora- 
tion at  the  head  of  the  hall.  At  the  opposite  end  are  the  initials  N.  P.  R.  R. 
and  the  monogram  H.  V.  on  each  side  of  the  entrance.  The  posts  throughout 
the  hall  are  set  off  with  the  heads  of  buffalo,  deer,  elks,  and  specimens  of  the 
various  species  of  birds  and  animals  which  inhabit  the  region  along  the  line  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  road.  Such  wras  the  banquet  hall  into  which  the  city  of 
St.  Paul  invited  Mr.  Villard  and  his  distinguished  guests. 

At  about  nine  o'clock  the  guests  filed  into  the  banquet  hall,  passing  through 
the  open  ranks  of  a  platoon  of  policemen  under  Chief  of  Police  John  Clark. 
At  a  table  on  a  somewhat  raised  platform  running  across  the  upper  end  of  the 
hall  the  most  distinguished  of  the  guests  were  seated,  President  Artnur 
occupying  the  seat  at  Mayor  O'Brien's  left  and  Mr.  Villard  that  at  his  right. 
No  time  was  lost  in  useless  ceremony  out  the  pleasing  pastime  of  discussing 
the  appended  elaborate  menu  was  indulge  1  in  while  the  Great  Western  Band 
in  a  room  at  the  rear,  concealed  by  a  massive  silk  curtain,  discoursed  delicious 
music. 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS.  47 


>iMENU. 


Blue  Points  sur  coquille. 

POTAGES. 

Bisque  de  crevettes.  Consomme  d'Orsoy. 

Varies.  mors  D'oeuvre.  Varies. 

Petites  bouchees  au  salpicon. 

POISSONS. 

Bass  rayee  a  la  hollandaise.      Whitebait  a  l'anglaise.      Concombres.       Pommes  croquettes. 

RELEVES. 

Selle  de  cbevreuil  a  la  Cumberland.    Jambon  d'ourson  au  chasseur.    Tomates  farcies, 

ENTREES. 

Cotelettes  de  pigeonneaux,  chevaliere.      Petite  pois  francais.      Poitrine  de  cailles  a  l'Andalouse, 

Quenelles  de  perdreaux  a  la  St.  Hubert.     Flageolets  a  l'anglaise. 

Bellottines  d'ortolans  a  la  Perigueux.  Fonds  d'artichauts,  lyonnaise. 

SORBET. 

Lucullus. 

ROTIS. 

Poule  de  prairie.  Sarcelles.  Salade  escarole. 

PIECES  MONTEES. 

Paniers  garnis  ux  fruits.  Pyramide  en  nougat.  Chalet  Suisse.  Chapelle  Turque. 

Vues  du  Lac  Minnetonka.    Corne  d'abondance. 

Chemin  de  fer  du  Northern  Pacific  entrent  dans  le  tunnel  Mullen. 

SUCRES. 

Pudding  a  la  tyrolienne,  sauce  sabayon.  Glace  napolitaine.  Bavaroise  au  chocolat. 

Petits  fouxs  assortis. 


- 


Fruits.        From  age.        Cafe. 

VINS. 

teau   Yquem.         Amontillado.        Johannisberger    Cabinet.         Chateau  Cos  d'Estournel,  '74* 
Roederer.  Pommery.  Chateau  Lafite,  '65. 

Clos  de  Vougeot,    Liqueurs. 


After  the  substantiate  had  disappeared  and  wines  had  been  substituted, 
the  season  of  speech  making  was  inaugurated  by  Hon.  C.  D.  O'Brien,  Mayor 
of  St.  Paul,  who  spoke  as  follows: 

Gentlemen  :  Our  banquet  has  been  unexpectedly  graced  by  the  presence  of  his  excellency,  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  (Ap  lause)  I  have  the  honor  to  propose  the  health  of  President 
Arthur,  the  President  of  the  United  States,  to  be  drank  standing.    (Applause.) 

When  the  applause  had  in  a  measure  subsided,  President  Arthur  arose 
amid  renewed  applause  and  spoke  as  follows: 

president  Arthur's  address. 

Mr.  Mayor  and  Gentlemen:  I  thank  you  cordially  for  your  kind  greeting.  I  am  glad  to  take 
part  with  you  in  \hese  festivities;  the  g'eat  work,  the  accomplishment  of  which  they  seek  to 
commemorate,  may  well  be  celebrated  with  joy  and  thanksgiving.  (Applause.)  And,  Mr.  Mayor, 
well  may  your  beautiful  and  thriving  city  and  her  sister  municipality,  stanuing  as  they  do  at  the 
gateway  of  this  new  highroad  of  commerce  which  stretches  far  out  to  the  sea, — congratulate 
themselves  that  they  enter  to-day  upon  a  career  of  enlarged  usefulness  and  prosperity.     (Applause.) 

Coining  to  you  from  that  marvelous  region  which  has  been  sometimes  called  "The 
Wonderland  of  America,"  I  traversed  the  thousand  miles  which  intervene,  along  the  rails  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Road.  (Applause)  Nothing  that  I  have  ever  read,  nothing  that  I  have  ever 
heard,  has  so  impressed  me  with  the  extent  of  the  resources  of  the  Northwest.  It  has  convinced 
me  that  the  importance  of  this  enterprise,  which  we  are  gathered  here  to  honor  to-night,  has  not 
been  over  estimated  even  by  its  most  sanguine  friends.  (Applause.)  All  hot' or,  then,  to  the  zeal 
and  energy  which  have  given  to  that  enterprise  such  triumphant  success.    (Applause.) 


48 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


Mayor  O'Brien  then  delivered  a  speech  of  welcome  and  congratulation  as 
follows: 

MAYOR  O'BRIEN'S  ADDRESS. 

Gentlemen:  There  has  devolved  upon  me  to-night  the  high  and  valued  privilege  of  extending 
to  you  and  each  of  you  the  sincere  and  cordial  welcome  of  the  city  of  St.  Paul.  If  to  the  pleasure 
your  presence  gives  us  there  could  he  added  another  element,  it  is  the  occasion  which  has 
assembled  you,— graced,  as  it  has  been,  so  unexpectedly,  by  the  presence  of  the  chief  executive  of 
the  United  States.  (Applause.)  The  completion  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railway  is  an  event  of 
most  profound  importance  to  us,  as  well  as  the  whole  Northwest,  and  is  a  fitting  opening  of  our 
history,  that,  as  yet,  has  scarcely  passed  beyond  its  title  page;  and  still,  in  the  brief  period  that 
has  elapsed  since  the  founding  of  our  city,  some  work  has  been  done  to  which  we  feel  we  may 
point  with  pardonable  pride,  and  which,  first  has  made  our  beloved  city  the  eastern  gateway  of 
this  new  highway,  for  the  commerce  of  the  Pacific  slope,  (applause,)  and  which,  next,  enables  us 
to  receive  you  to-night,  in  a  manner  befitting  your  deserts,  and  our  desires  in  that  regard. 
(Applause.) 

There  sit  with  you  to-night  the  men  (still  in  the  meridian  of  their  lives)  who,  in  their  gallant 
youth,  with  only  hands  and  hearts,  and  brains  to  aid  them,  founded  our  city  and  this  common- 
weal! h— so  aptly  named  the  North  Star  State.  To  them  it  seems  but  yesterday  when  the  commerce 
of  Minnesota  consisted  of  some  barters  in  Indian  furs,  and  when  the  stock-in-trade  of  our 
merchants  was  contained  in  the  pack  strapped  on  the  shoulder  of  some  sturdy  cotlrier-des-bois. 
To-day,  stately  warehouses  stand  on  the  site  of  the  traders' hut;  our  entire  state  resounds  with 
energy  and  activity;  our  commerce  and  manufactures  flow  in  broadening  streams  beyond  the 
confines  of  the  United  States,  and  pour  their  surplus  wealth  upon  the  shores  of  distant  Europe. 
{Applause.)  It  is  sometimes  said  that  we  western  men  are  somewhat  over-fluent  and  boastful  i» 
our  speech.  Perhaps  it  may  be  true;  but,  while  we  talk,  we  also  act,  and  the  great  captain  who 
honors  us  by  his  presence  here  to-night,  (applause  and  cheers)  will  tell  you  of  our  western  men  in 
the  times  that  tried  our  nation,  and  say  whether  at  Shiloh  or  the  Wilderness,  the  words  of  western 
men  exceeded  their  brave  deeds.  (Applause.)  Yes,  we  are  proud;  proud  of  our  country,  that  so 
well  deserves  our  devotion;  proud  of  our  state,— that  shines  the  brighest  star  in  the  westward  courso 
of  empire;  proud  of  our  beautiful  and  beloved  city,  our  home  that  we  have  built  with  our  ow» 
hands;  and  still  more  proud  than  all  for  her  to  greet  you  hereto-night,  her  honored  guests,  and 
for  the  city  of  St.  Paul  to  bid  you  a  thousand  hearty  wolcomes.    (Applause.) 

For  you,  Mr.  Villard,  there  is  something  more  to  add,  and  our  city,  though  reasonably  well 
furnished  with  western  orators,  finds  all  too  poor  mere  spoken  words  to  give  to  you,  as  she  would 
desire,  an  assurance  of  the  sincere  esteem  in  which  you  are  held;  and  so  we  have  prepared 
in  more  enduring  type,  that  which  we  wish  to  say  to  you.  And  now,  with  your  permission,  and 
for  the  good  pleasure  of  these  our  guests,  I  will  read  it  that  they  may  hear. 

To  Henry  Villard,  President  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway— Sir:  The  occasion  of  your 
present  visit  to  our  city,  marking  as  it  does  one  of  the  most  important  events  in  our  history, 
enables  us  in  some  degree,  to  express  to  you  our  full  recognition  and  sincere  appreciation  of  the 
eminent  public  and  administrative  qualities  displayed  by  you  in  bringing  to  an  early  and  successful 
completion  that  magnificent  highway  from  the  Pacific  to  the  Mississippi,  the  Northern  Pacific 
railway;  and  that  enterprise,  so  vast  in  its  character  and  extent,  so  important  in  its  effects  om 
the  entire  Northwest,  andg  indeed,  the  country  at  large,  has  long  been  an  object  of  anxious 
solicitude  to  our  people;  and  when,  during  successive  administrations  of  its  directory, 
we  saw  its  ultimate  completion  delayed,  its  development  arrested,  and  the  great  enter- 
prise itself  gradually  diminishing  to  a  mere  field  for  speculation,  we  looked  anxiously,  yet 
doubtful  ly ,  for  t  he  coming  of  some  master  mind— for  some  one  who  fully  appreciated  the  magnificent 
character  of  that  enterprise,  who  would  bring  to  its  prosecution  the  capacity  and  energy  necessary 
to  insure  its  completion  and  success.  You  have  done  all  this,  and  more.  You  have  developed  a 
territory  almost  boundless  in  its  limits  and  inexhaustible  in  resources,  comprising  even  now  many 
States  and  Territories,  and  destined  in  our  own  time  to  bring  into  existence  many  new  and 
flourishing  States  and  Territories  to  shine  with  fresh  luster  in  the  widening  circle  of  those 
jewels  of  our  republic ;  and  in  so  doing  you  have  so  impressed  your  personality  on  this,  your  great 
work,  that  you  now  deservedly  enioy  the  entire  and  perfect  confidence  of  all  our  people.  It  is  our 
great  pride  to  evidence  this  esteem  and  confidence  to  you,  to  assure  you  that  with  you  and  witk 
your  name  this  greatest  work  of  modern  enterprise  will  always  be  associated ;  and  when  the  history 
of  your  career  shall  be  read  by  the  millions  who  will  inhabit  the  fair  domains  you  have  opened  to 
them,  the  name  of  Henry  Villard  shall  shine  brightly  and  without  reproach  chief  among  those  who, 
in  high  stations  of  responsibility,  by  enduring  acts  of  public  good,  shall  have  deserved  well  of 
their  fellowmen;  and  on  behalf  of  the  municipality  of  the  city  of  St.  Paul,  I  have  the  honor  to 
beg  your  acceptance  of  this  expression  of  their  esteem,  etc. 

C.  D.  O'BRIEN,  Mayor  of  St.  Paul. 

(Applause  and  cries  for  Villard.) 

TNote. — The  above  address  to  Mr.  Villard  was  printed  in  red  letters  surrounded  by  a  blue 
border,  on  a  banneret  of  heavy  white  satin,  the  back  of  which  was  of  rich  ruby  plush.  The 
trimmings  were  of  heavy  gold  coTd  and  a  deep  bullion  fringe  graced  the  lower  end.  The  beautiful 
emblem  was  provided  with  a  fitting  repository  which  consisted  of  a  steel  box  10x5^2  inches, 
wrought  in  exquisite  designs,  and  lined  with  polished  oak  from  President  Villard's  birthplace.  A 
silver  plate  inside  the  cover  bore  an  appropriate  inscription.  The  whole  formed  one  of  the  prettiest 
•onceits  of  the  programme.] 


ST  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


4-9 


INTERIOR  OF  GkAjni;  Or/ttRA  HOUSE. 
This  magnificent  house  has  just  heen  erected  by  Commodore  W.  F.  Davidson.    It  has  no  superior 
in  the  country.     Its  elegant  auditorium  seats  2  300,  the  stage  is  very  spacious  and  the  acoustic 
properties  are  perfect.    The  above  view  is  from  a  pen  and  ink  sketch  by  W.  H.  Frisbie. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  mayor's  address,  Mr.  Thomas  Cochran,  Jr., 
proposed  three  cheers  for  Henry  Yillard,  president  of  the  Northern  Pacific, 
and  they  were  given  with  a  heartiness  that  made  the  glasses  rattle. 

Mr.  Villard,  rising,  spoke  with  some  emotion. 

nENRY   VILLARD'S  SPEECH. 

Mr.  Mayor  and  Gentlemen:  I  beg  to  say  to  you,  in  all  sincerity,  that  I  all  but  stagger  under 
the  load,  the  debt  of  gratitude  that  has  been  heaped  upon  me  during  these  last  few  days.  Already 
once  before  to-day  I  had  occasion  to  protest  that  I  was  being  honored  beyond  my  merit.  It  has 
been  my  good  fortune  to  be  called  upon  to  conduct  the  enterprise  that  was  started  thirteen  years 
ago,  under  other  auspices,  to  a  successful  termination,  but  I  beg  you  to  understand  that  there  are 
others  who  are  entitled  to  great  credit  for  the  success  of  this  undertaking.  Circumstances  called 
me  to  the  direction  of  the  affairs  of  the  Northern  Pacific  at  a  most  auspicious  time, — at  a  time 
when  universal  prosperity  had  returned  to  this  country  in  consequence  of  the  resumption  of 
specie  payment, — the  time  could  not  be  more  favorable  than  I  found  it,  for  the  purpose 
of  providing  the  large  capital  needed  to  complete  the  enterprise;  but  for  the  auspicious  time, 
success  would  hardly  have  been  possible.  However,  notwithstanding  the  favorable  circumstances 
ot  the  times,  the  enterprise  would  have  slept,  would  have  been  buried  out  of  sight,  years  ago,  but 
for  the  patience,  perseverance  and  sacrifices  made  by  my  predecessors  in  the  executive  of  the 
Northern  Pacific,  and  by  their  associates  in  the  directory  of  the  Company.  Ifound  a  living  body — 
not  the  dead  body  of  "1873— a  body  that  had  be,en  restored  to  full  life,  in  consequence  of  the 
iation  of  the  $40,000,000  of  general  first  mortgage  bonds.  That  was  consummated  before  I 
succeeded  to  the  presidency.     That  negotiation  practically  assured  the  success  of  the  enterprise. 


So  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

It  is  true  that  unexpected  embarrassments  arose  after  my  accession  to  the  presidency,  but,  with  the 
means  in  hand  to  build  the  line,  they  were  readily  overcome.  It  is  as  much  due,  I.  believe,  to  the 
efforts  of  those  that  preceded  me,  it  is  as  much  due  to  the  efforts  of  those  who  have  assisted  me  in 
the  prosecution  of  the  work,  that  I  have  the  satisfaction  of  celebrating  with  you  to-night  the 
consumation  of  the  enterprise. 

On  the  16th  of  July,  1881,  I  had  the  honor  of  delivering  an  address  to  the  busirtess  men  of  the 
good  city  of  St.  Paul.  In  that  address,  as  many  of  you  will  remember,  I  ventured  to  say  tbattne 
road  would  be  completed,  through  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  within  two  years  and  a  half  from  that 
day.  (Applause.)  The  two  ends  of  track  were  actually  connected  on  the  22nd  of  last  month;  the 
promise  of  two  years  ago  was,  therefore,  more  than  fulfilled.  (Applause.)  But  no*w,  that  the  road 
is  completed,  the  principal  task,  after  all,  yet  remains;  that  is,  to  make  it  a  satisfactory  enterprise 
to  our  stockholders,  to  fulfill  the  expectations  ot  the  communities  that  have  looked  forward  to  the 
completion  of  the  road  as  the  opening  of  a  new  era  of  prosperity  to  them. 

You  all  know  that  I  am  a  most  ardent  believer  in  the  great  future  of  the  Northern  Pacific,  and 
of  course,  it  is  a  great  comfort  and  a  great  satisfaction  to  me  that  so  many  of  you  share  this  belief 
with  me;  but,  please  remember  that  a  great  deal  of  work  remains  yet  to  be  done;  that  a  great  deal 
of  patience  will  yet  have  to  be  exercised  before  your  and  my  expectations — as  to  the  growth  of  the 
enterprise,  as  to  its  practical  results,  in  various  directions, — can  be  fulfilled.  I  think  that  lean 
best  discharge  the  debt  of  gratitude  that  the  extraordinary  spectacle  of  to-day  has  imposed  upon 
me  by  repeating  the  assurance  that  I  have  given  this  afternoon,  that  I  shall  use  my  power,  as  the 
executive  of  the  Northern  Pacific,  conscientiously  and  to  the  best  of  my  ability,  not  on'y  for  the 
good  of  our  stockho  ders,  but  for  the  good  of  all  the  country— the  material  development  of  which 
depends  upon  the  Northern  Pacific,    (Applause  ) 

I  am  fully  impressed  with  the  conviction  that  our  prosperity  must  go  apace  with  the  prosperity 
of  the  states  and  territories  traversed  by  our  lines;  in  other  words,  that  our  policy  must  be  such  as 
to  promote  the  growth  of  those  states  and  territories,  (applause)  in  order  to  produce  a  healthy 
progress,  and  therein  will  be  our  reward. 

If  you  will  permit  me  to  add,  it  has  been  a  great  satisfaction  tome  that  there  are  more  believers 
in  the  Northern  Pacific  in  the  great  Northwest  than  in  Wall  Street.  (Great  applause  and  eheers.) 
And  I  feel  satisfied  that  all  the  manipulations  of  Wall  Street  operators  will  not  shake  the  faith  of 
the  city  of  St.  Paul,  of  the  State  of  Minnesota  or  of  any  of  the  cities  and  states  and  territories 
traversed  by  our  lines,  in  the  future  of  the  Northern  Pacific.  (Applause.)  I  am  glad  that,  for  a 
time  at  least,  I  fqpl  emancipated  from  the  demoralizing  influences  of  Wall  Street  (Laughter  and 
applause.)  I  breathe  freer  here;  my  hopes  for  the  future  of  the  Northern  Pacific  are  strengthened; 
1  see  the  evidence  all  around  me  that  my  faith  in  its  future  is  well  founded, — as  well  founded  as 
any  human  faith  can  be.     (Applause.) 

An  English  guest  of  ours  remarked  to  me  yesterday  that  this  celebration  reminded  him  very 
much  of  the  opening  of  the  Suez  Canal.  I  am  free  to  confess  that  I  can  see  little  resemblance 
between  the  two  events.  This  celebration  is  the  spontaneous  outburst  of  enthusiasm  of  two  free 
communities.  It  is  not  artificial,  it  is  not  brought  about  by  any  undue  influence,  for  effect,  and  is 
therefore  the  more  gratifying  to  me,  and  I  am  sure  to  all  of  my  guests,  (Applause  and  cries 
of  "Hear!  Hear!  Hear!") 

The  generous  hospitality  extended  to  our  foreign  and  American  guests  calls  again  for  acknowl- 
edgment from  me.  I  am  sure  that  all  of  my  companions  on  this  trip  will  ever  remember  this 
occasion,  will  ever  remember  the  city  of  St.  Paul  and  the  hospitality  of  its  citizens.    (Applause.) 

There  are  some  topics  that  I  know  the  citizens  of  St.  Paul  would  like  to  hear  from  me  about, 

but  I  RESERVE  THE  OPPORTUNITY  OF  DISCUSSING  AVITH  THEM  THE  MEASURES  WHICH  THE  NORTH- 
ERN Pacific  Company  will  take  for  the  development  of  terminal  facilities  within  the 
city  limits — regarding  which  I  understand  there  is  so  much  general  curiosity — until  my  return 
from  the  Pacific  coast.  There  are  other  toasts  to  follow  and  other  speakers  to  address  you,  and  I 
therefore  beg  to  be  excused.    (Applause.) 

The  toast  "The  City  of  St.  Paul,  the  eastern  terminus  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railway,"  was  then  proposed  by  General  Johnson,  and  was  responded 
to  by  Hon.  E.  F.  Drake,  who  spoke  as  follows: 

E.    F.    DRAKE'S   REMARKS. 

In  the  year  1860,  standing  on  the  platform  at  the  door  of  the  capitol  of  the  Ftate  of  Minnesota 
in  St.  Paul,  the  sagacious  and  lamented  stateman,  Wm,  H.  Seward,  whose  far-seeing  vision  led 
him  to  predict  in  advance  the  "irrepressible  conflict"  which  ended  in  the  great  rebellion,  maiie 
another  prophetic  utterance  which  is  equally  certain  to  be  fulfilled.  His  words  were  in  substance 
these:  '-I  find  myself  for  the  first  time  upon  the  high  land  in  the  center  of  the  continent  of  North 
America,  cqui-distant  from  the  waters  of  Hudson  Bay  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Here  is  the  place— the 
central  place  where  the  agricultural  producU  of  this  region  of  North  America  must  pour  oxd  theft 
tributes  to  the  world.  I h  ive  cast  about  for  the  future  and  ultimate  seat  of  power  of  North  America, 
Hooked  to  Quebec,  to  New  Orleans,  to  Washington,  San  Francisco  and  St.  Louis  for'  thz  future  seat  of 
power.  But  I  have  corrected  that  view.  I  vow  believe  that  the  ultimate,  last  seat  of  government  on  this 
great  continent  will  be  found  somewhere  not  far  from  the  spot  on  which  I  stand,  at  the  head  of  navigation 
of  the  Mississippi  river ."  The  predictions  of  that  far-seeing  statesman  have  been  realized  in  part 
only.  The  seat  of  power  and  government  of  North,America  has  not  yet  been  removed  to  St.  Paul,  but 
we  must  be  patient.    (Laughter.) 


57:  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS, 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


God's  people  have  waited  for  thousand  of  years  for  the  fulfillment  of  divine  prophecy,  and  we 
will  wait  in  faith  for  the  realization  of  this  human  prediction. 

The  agricultural  wealth  which  he  predicted  should  find  its  outlet  to  the  world  through  St. 
Paul  is  now  pouring  in  a  miglity  volume,  and  will  continue  to  move  to  an  extent  that  will  astonish 
the  world.  Soon  after  the  utterance  of  that  prophecy  I  came  to  St.  Paul,  bringing  with  me  the 
first  locomotive,  the  first  cars,  and  the  first  rails  ever  brought  to  this  State.  (Applause.)  St.  Paul 
was  then  a  village,  with  a  quiet  population  of  8,000  souls.  She  had  a  few  manufactures — not  a 
wheel  moved  by  steam  within  the  city.  She  had  neither  incorporated  banks  nor  insurance 
companies.  She  had  river  communication  with  the  East,  closed  by  ice  for  six  months  of  the  year. 
Her  prairies  north  and  west  had  few  inhabitants  save  the  red  man,  the  elk  and  the  buffalo.  It  was 
my  fortune  to  complete  the  railroad  from  St.  Paul  to  St.  Anthony,  and  then  began  the  march  of 
St.  Paul  to  realize  her  destiny.  Indulge  me  a  few  moments  while  I  present  some  statistics 
s  bowing  her  present  condition. 

From  the  ten  miles  then  built  she  is  now  the  center  of  nearly  5,000  miles  of  direct  tributary 
roads.  The  daily  passenger  traffic  to  and  from  her  union  station  is  represented  by  155  passenger 
\ i  a  ins  which  arrive  and  depart  daily.  The  freight  traffic  arriving  and  departing  from  the  city  is 
almost  beyond  computation.  Her  population  has  grown  from  8,0(0  to  over  100,000,  showing  an 
increase  without  a  parallel.  The  actual  attendance  of  the  public  schools  is  over  8,500  pupils,  and 
commodious  houses  have  been  built  for  their  use.  The  operatives  employed  in  the  various 
manufactories  of  the  city  now  exceed  12,000,  and  the  value  of  manufactures  isabout  §28,000,000. 

The  annual  sale ;  of  her  jobbing  houses  exceed  §70,000,000. 

The  banking  of  St.  Paul  is  now  $6,270,000,  and  the  current  deposits  in  the  vaults  over 
$10,000,000.  The  aggregate  volume  of  business  of  the  banks  exceeds  $116,000,000  annually. 
St.  Paul  is  now  a  great  center  of  trade  in  lumber,  which  she  distributes  north,  south  and  west  to 
points  along  the  Missouri  river.  The  political  capital  of  the  State  is  St.  Paul.  In  the  city  is  the 
official  residence  and  headquarters  of  the  governor  and  executive  officers,  ihe  supreme  court  of  the 
State  and  the  district  and  circuit  courts  of  the  United  States.  The  United  States  custom  house, 
office  of  the  surveyor  general  and  department  for  army  supplies  are  all  here.  During  the  past  year 
there  have  been  built  in  the  city  about  3,000  structures,  at  a  cost  of  about  $10,000,000. 

The  advantages  of  position  of  St.  Paul  fully  justified  the  predictions  of  the  statesman  whom  I 
have  quoted.  She  is  situated  at  the  head  of  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  river,  2,000  miles  from 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  She  is  connected  by  two  lines  of  rail  with  Lake  Superior,  and  by  three  lines 
with  Lake  Michigan.  She  is  the  center  of  the  most  fertile  district  of  the  continent,  and  finally  her 
crowning  advantage  is,  in  the'language  of  the  sentiment  to  which  I  respond — "She  is  the  eastern 
terminus  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,"  which  will  pour  into  her  warehouses  not  only  the  trade 
of  our  own  Northwest,  but  the  rich  trade  of  the  Islands  cf  the  Pacific  and  the  Indies. 

I  will  not  weary  yea  with  more  statistics,  but  I  cannot  close  without  a  few  words  about  the 
Northern  Pacific  railroad  and  the  brave  men  who  have  built  it.  Through  all  the  ages  of  the  world 
God,  in  his  wisdom,  has  raised  necessary  men  for  great  emergencies.  Moses,  the  great  leader  and 
lawgiver,  came  at  the  appointed  time.  When  in  ;he  fullness  of  time  the  Suez  canal  should  be  built, 
DeLesseps  appeared,  and  amid  sneers  and  predictions  of  failure,  completed  a  work  the  control  of 
which  now  excites  the  envy  of  nations.  The  great  Lincoln  was  given  in  our  hour  of  need,  and 
Grant  and  Sherman  to  fight  our  battles  seemed  the  gilt  of  a  special  Providence.  By  the  side  of 
these  great  names  posterity  will  place  that  of  him  who  began  and  him  who  completed  the  great 
highway  of  the  world — the  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  It  is  with  pride  that  St.  Paul  can  point  to 
her  course  toward  this  great  work  and  toward  those  who  built  it.  She  has  ever  been  its  friend,  and 
in  prosperity  and  adversity,  amid  the  sunshine  and  the  storm  she  has  stood  by  its  projectors, 
approved  their  wisdom,  admired  their  courage  and  defended  them  whenever  as-ailed.  It  has  been 
the  custom  of  mankind  to  perpetuate  the  names  and  fame  of  heroes  and  benefactors  with  earth 
mounds  raised  by  the  savage,  with  rude  heaps  of  stone  in  Bible  lands,  and  in  latter  days  with  costly 
monuments  of  marble  and  granite.  It  is  a  good  custom  and  we  should  follow  it.  Now  that  this 
great  work  is  completed,  let  there  be  bsilt  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Superior  a  monument  of  enduring 
granite,  let  it  be  massive,  and  let  it  stand  where  the  first  rays  of  the  morning  sun,  as  he  rises  from 
the  lake,  may  fall  upon  it,  and  dispel  the  damps  and  dews  from  its  surface,  and  on  that  monument 
inscribe  in  deep  letters  the  name  of  "Jay  Cooke."  (Applause,  and  three  cheers  for  Jay  Cooke.) 
Let  another  no  less  imposing  be  reared  on  the  waters  of  the  Pacific.  Let  it  be  placed  where  the  last 
rays  of  the  setting  sun  may  fall  upon  it  as  he  sinks  to  rest  in  his  "wigwam  behind  the  Western 
waters"  and  on  that  monument  inscribe  the  name  of  Henry  "Villard  ;  (great  applause,)  and  may 
these  monuments  remain  unscathed  by  the  hand  of  time,  undesecrated  by  man,  and  endure  while 
"the  long  train  of  ages  glide  away."    (Applause.) 

At  the  conclusion  of  Mr.  Drake's  address,  the  next  toast  upon  the  pro- 
gramme, "The  United  States  Government,  by  encouraging  the  transcontinental 
lines  strengthens  the  Union,"  was  proposed,  and  Gen.  Johnson  called  upon 
the  Hon.  M.  M.  Teller  to  respond. 

HON.  H.  M.  TELLER'S  SPEECH. 
Gentlemen  :  At  this  late  hour  of  the  evening,  you  will  hardly  expect  me  to  enter  into  a  discus- 
sion of  the  proposition  enunciated  as  a  toast.  I  think,  myself,  it  is  self-evident  that  by  govern- 
mental aid  and  encouragement,  the  building  of  these  great  transcontinental  railways  strengthens 
and  cements  the  bond  of  union  between  the  people  of  the  different  states.  (Applause.)  And  the 
completion  of  this  road  is  not  simply  a  material  and  financial  advantage  to  Minnesota,  to  Dakota, 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS.  53 

to  Montana,  to  Idaho,  to  Oregon  and  Washington,  but  to  all  regions  of  the  country  alike.  (Applause 
and  cries  of  hear!  hear!  hear!)  The  social  and  political  advantages  that  will  be  derived  by  the 
daily  intercourse  of  the  people  from  Oregon  and  Washington,  and  all  the  states  along  the  lines,  with 
the  people  of  the  states  farther  east  and  south,  are  far  greater,  in  my  judgment,  than  the  material 
and  financial  advantages  to  be  derived,  however  great  they  may  be.  No  people  can  long  continue 
in  harmony  unless  they  have  similar  ideas,  similar  sentiments,  upon  all  the  great  underlying  political 
questions  that  go  to  make  up  a  nation.  (Applause.)  These  sentiments  cannot  and  will  not  be  alike 
unless  the  people  are  so  situated  that  they  can  interchange  their  views.  (Hear!  hear!  hear!) 
This  great  transcontinental  railroad,  with  the  other  lines  that  have  been  completed,  render  it  pos- 
sible for  the  people  of  the  distant  Pacific  coast  to  commune  readily  and  freely  with  their  brethren 
of  the  east.  Oregon  clasps  hands  with  Massachusetts,  and  California  with  Maine,  and  the  people 
that  are  sundered  by  thousands  of  miles  become  neighbors  in  actuality  and  in  reality.'    (Applause.) 

This  great  railroad,  that  has  been  completed  (the  first  that  was  suggested,  of  all  the  Pacific 
lines.)  now  an  established  lact,  traverses  a  country  capable  of  maintaining  millions  of  hardy, 
enterprising  and  virtuous  people;  and  when  all  the  country  that  is  tributary  to  it  shall  be  filled 
with  the  hardy,  intelligent  miner,  the  energetic  farmer  and  the  skillful  mechanic,  who  will  say 
that  the  communion  of  these  people  one  with  the  other  does  not  and  will  not  tend  to  perpetuate  the 
union  of  these  states?    (Applause.) 

The  government  of  the  United  States  has  dealt  with  this  road  with  a  munificent  and  bountiful 
hand;  it  has  given  it  an  empire  in  extent — wealth  untold;  and  it  now  remains  for  the  managers  of 
this  great  corporation  to  say  whether  it  shall  in  all  respects  be  that  which  Congress  intended 
when  it  gave  this  munificent  grant  to  aid  in  the  building  of  this  road.  If,  as  the  President  of  the 
road  said  a  few  moments  ago,  they  shall  adopt  the  policy  that  the  interests  of  the  communities 
traversed  by  the  road  is  the  interest  of  the  road,  then,  you  may  say  the  prosperity  of  this  road  is 
assured,  and  the  prosperity  of  the  communities  through  which  it  passes  is  also  assured,  and  no 
man.  sensible  of  the  advantages  of  commerce  and  wealth,  and  of  the  interchange  of  ideas,  and  the 
visiting  of  people  from  one  section  of  the  country  with  those  of  another  will  ever  regret,  however 
great  this  gift  may  have  been,  that  Congress  bestowed  it  as  bountifully  and  as  cheerfully  as  it  did, 
(Applause.) 

The  next  regular  toast,  "Our  Foreign  Guests.  The  Representatives  of 
Nations  whose  people  are  becoming  the  strength  and  glory  of  the  great 
Northwest." 

RESPONSE   BY   HON.    L.    SACKVILLE   WEST. 

Gentlemen:  On  behalf  of  the  distinguished  Fnglish  guests  and  myself,  I  undertake  to  return  to 
you  my  most  sincere  thanks  for  the  cordial  manner  in  which  you  have  responded  to  the  toast 
which  has  just  been  proposed.  I  can  assure  you  that  the  government  which  I  have  the  honor  to 
represent  in  your  great  country,  looks  with  delight  upon  the  completion  of  the  great  enterprise 
which  we  are  here  this  evening  to  celebrate 

Gentlemen:  Commercial  progress  is  the  brotherhood  of  nations;  it  amalgamates  races,  it  absorbs 
nationalities,  and  it  stays  the  curse  of  war.  (Applause.)  What  grander  end  can  the  ingenuity  of 
man  aspire  to,  than  the  opening  of  the  resources  of  a  fertile  country  for  the  benefit  of  mankind? 
This  end,  it  is  safe  to  say,  will  shortly  be  accomplished  by  the  opening  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
railroad.  All  honor  to  its  promoters,  and  may  abundant  success  attend  this  great  enterprise,  in 
which  we  are  all  so  greatly  interested.    (Applause.) 

Baron  von  Eisendecher,  Imperial  German  Minister  at  Washington,  was 
then  called  upon  to  respond  to  the  toast,  "Our  German  Guests,"  and  he  spoke 
as  follows: 

BARON   VON   EISENDECHER. 

Mr.  Chairman  and  Gentlemen:  It  is  quite  unexpectedly  that  I  appear  before  you  here,  to 
respond  to  the  toast  that  has  just  been  announced,  lor,  as  you  see,  I  am  not  on  the  regular  list  of 
toasts,  and  therefore  am  not  prepared.  There  are  a  great  many  among  my  countrymen  here  who 
could  much  more  ably  express  their  sentiments  and  respond  to  the  toast  that  has  just  been  uttered. 
However,  as  I  have  been  requested,  I  am  very  willing,  so  far  as  1  am  able,  to  express  to  you  my 
sentiments,  (applause,)  and  they  are  these:  That  I  fully  and  entirely  sympathize  with  the  grea't 
undertaking  that  we  now  inaugurate,  for  the  first  time,  under  the  auspices  of  an  old  countrvman 
of  mine,— Mr.  H£nry  Villard.    (Applause.) 

A  great  many  Germans  (my  countrymen)  are  in  this  country  now.  They  have  found  their 
second  home.  (Applause.)  I  can  tell  y>u  that  when  I  came  here  to  your  part  of  the  country,  that 
i"feit  at  home.    (Cries  of  "Hear  !   Hear!"  laughterandapplau.se.) 

What  we  have  seen  since  we  came  to  this  region,  I  think  my  countrymen  will  agree  with  me, — 
are  the  results  of  honest  labor,  hard  work  and  preseverance.  (Applause.)  If  my  countrymen, 
the  Germans,  have  contributed  to  the  prosperity  of  the  two  cities — St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis — I  can 
only  be  her  rtily  glad.    (Applause.) 

I  can  assure  you  that  what  I  have  seen  (and  I  think  my  countrymen  will  agree  with  me,)  hax 
made  me  feel  proud  of  those  of  my  countrymen  who  remain  here.    I  cannot  help  but  feel  a  deep 


S4  THE  NOR THERN  PA  CIFIC  RAILROAD. 

respect  and  admiration  for  the  ends  attained  here,  in  this  part  of  the  country.  (Applause.)  If 
what  we  see  has  been  the  history  of  the  past,  gentlemen,  what  will  be  the  future,  when  the  great 
event  that  we  now  celebrate  is  consummated,  that  is,  when  the  Northern  Pacific  is  opened  and  in 
full  operation? 

Mr.  Chairman  and  Gentlemen:  I  can  only  wish  that  your  future  will  be  as  I  see  it  in  my 
imagination.  ("Hear!  hear !"  applause  and  cheers.)  You  will  be  the  great  centers  here  of 
commercial  enterprise,  of  agriculture,  of  commerce,  of  manufactures;  and  there  is  no  doubt  that 
your  interests  in  every  way  will  be  multiplied  a  hundred  fold.  That  is  what,  in  the  name  of  my 
countrymen  present,  I  most  heartily  wish  you.    (Applause.) 

The  next  regular  toast,  "The  State  of  Minnesota,"  was  responded  to  by 

GOVERNOR  L.  F.  HUBBARD. 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen  :  The  official  notice  sent  me  by  the  committee  on  toasts  of  my 
assignment  this  evening  invites  me  to  respond  to  the  sentiment,  "The  Governor  of  Minnesota." 
That  would  have  been  an  easy  duty  to  perform,  as  it  presents  a  subject  readily  handled  and  soon 
exhausted.  But  to  do  justice  to  the  sentiment  with  which  I  am  confronted  by  the  printed  pro- 
gramme of  the  evening  is  quite  a  different  matter.  However,  in  either  case  I  should  assume  that 
it  was  your  wish  that  our  State  be  heard  from  on  this  occasion,  and  I  am,  therefore,  glad  to  say  a 
word  in  that  behalf.  I  believe  the  entire  people  of  the  commonwealth  of  Minnesota  have  an  appre- 
ciation of  the  event  we  are  here  to  commemorate,  and  that  they  are  animated  by  feelings  regarding 
it  similar  to  those  that  have  found  expression  in  the  demonstrations  of  to-day.  Speaking  for  the 
State  at  large,  I  feel  that  I  am  authorized  to  say  that  Minnesota  heartily  joins  in  these  rejoicings, 
and  that  she  desires  to  render  proper  recognition  and  tribute  to  the  genius  of  the  man  who  has 
brought  to  a  successful  issue  one  of  the  grandest  enterprises  of  the  present  age.  (Applause.)  The 
people  of  ourState  have  ielt  an  absorbing  interest  in  this  great  work  throughout  its  history,  and 
have  ever  had  an  abiding  faith  in  its  linal  success.  They  have, looked  upon  it,  in  a  sense,  as  an 
enterprise  of  their  own,  for  whose  inc  ption  they  claim  some  credit,  and  for  whuse  ultimate  fate  they 
have  felt  much  responsibility  and  solicitude.  Our  people  ieel  that  they  should  receive  as  web  as 
tender  congratulations  on  this  auspicious  occasion.  (Applause,)  We  entertain  great  expectations 
of  the  benefits  resulting  to  us  as  a  State  from  the  completion  of  the  Nori  hern  Pacific  railway,  and 
the  consequent  identification  with  ner.interests  of  the  gentleman  and  his  associates  who  are  the 
guests  of  this  occasion.  We  believe,  gentlemen,  we  need  but  to  make  the  resources  of  ourState 
known  and  they  will  themselves  attract  the  agencies  required  to  develop  them.  While,  therefore, 
Ave  greet  you,  gentlemen,  most  cordially  as  our  guests,  we  shall  expect  to  greatly  inlerest  you  in  the 
various  attractions  of  our  State.  We  shall  hope  that  the  impression  created  by  this  brief 
experience  among  us  may  be  fruitful  of  good  opinions  on  your  part,  and  that  the  pleasantest 
reminiscence  of  this  most  notable  tour  across  the  continent  may  be  suggested  by  your  presence  in 
the  State  which  numbers  among  her  many  grand  possessions  and  advantages  the  eastern  terminus 
of  the  Northern  Pacific  railway.    (Applause  and  cheers.) 

The  next  regular  toast  was  "the  Army,  holding  the  savage  in  check  while 
the  shores  of  a  continent  were  united." 

RESPONSE  OF  GEN.   A.    H.   TERRY. 

I  have  come  down  to  the  centre  of  the  banquet  hall,  gentlemen,  because  I  have  been  taught  to 
obey  all  lawful  authority,  (laughter)  and  I  recognize  you  as  the  lawful  authority  here  to-night, 
(laughter.) 

I  thank  you,  Mr.  Mayor  and  Gentlemen,  in  the  name  of  the  army,  for  the  manner  in  which 
you  have  tendered  this  toast.  The  recognition  by  such  an  assemblage  as  this  of  the  part  that  the 
army  hr.s  borne,  the  aid  it  has  given  for  the  construction  of  our  great  transcontinental  highways, 
is,  for  the  army,  one  of  the  highest  of  rewards.  (Applauso.)  For  the  soldier,  there  is,  and  there 
can  be,  no  loftier  duty,  than  the  protection  of  hearts  and  homes,  and  the  defense  of  Fatherland; 
but,  that  duty  brings  with  it  much  from  which  man  instinctively  shrinks,  unless  he  be  indifferent 
to  human  su  fieri  ■.  g,  much  that  makes  victory, even  in  a  noble  and  righteous  cause,  only  a  little  .ess 
mournful  than  defeat.  But,  when  the  soldier  is  called  upon,  not  to  destroy,  but  to  help  to  create, 
when  it  is  his  duty  to  assist  in  the  conquest  of  nature  rather  than  the  conquest  of  men,  when  he  is 
called  upon  to  give  his  aid  to  help  win  the  victory  of  peace  and  to  share  in  the  triumph  ot  labor, 
•  to  contribute  to  the  triumph  of  labor  and  civilization,  it  is,  indeed,  a  gratifying  task.  (Applause.) 
It  is  not  so  brilliant  a  part  as  that  of  war,  it  does  not  dazzle  the  eyes  of  the  multitude,  but  it 
brings  with  it  the  happy  thought  that  he  has  wrought  no  evil  but  rather  a  good  to  his  fellow  man,' 
And  this  has  been  the  part  that  the  army  has  borne  in  respect  to  this  great  enteprise.  It  has  borne 
a  comparatively  humble  part,  for  it  has  created  nothing, — it  has  simply  held  in  check  contending 
forces,  ill  oruer  to  make  it  easier,— perhaps  I  might  say,  to  make  it  possible,  that  others  should! 
conquer.  But  in  the  knowledge  that  it  has  borne  even  this  humble  part,  as  well  as  in  the  applause 
which  has  greeted  its  name  here  to-night,  the  army  has  its  abundant  and  overflowing  reward. 
(Applause.)  Again,  Mr.  Mayor  and  Gentlemen,  in  the  name  of  my  comrades  I  pray  you  to  accept 
my  thanks.    (Applause  and  cheers.) 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


55 


fa  the  largest  block  in  the  city.  It  has  102  feet  frontage  and  a  depth  of  140  feet.  It  is  six 
high  above  a  deep  basement,  is  constructed  of  red  brick  with  stone  trimmings,  and  cost  its 
owners,  W.  F.  and  J.  H.  Davidson,  about  $175,000.  Besides  three  immense  stores  it  has  about  one 
hundred  apartments  in  the  upper  stories.  Commodore  W.  F.  Davidson  is  now  completing  on 
Fourth  Street  adjoining  the  side  of  his  elegant  opera  house,  another  six  story  block  75x70  feet, 
With  three  stores,  and  offices  above.  This  will  be  a  sort  of  "Barristers'  Hall,"  as  lawyers  will  mostly 
occupy  it.  The  same  gentleman,  who  is  doing  more  than  any  other  individual  to  build  up  the  city, 
ha  a  spacious  block  bearing  his  name  at  the  corner  of  Fourth  and  Jackson  streets.  This  is 
145x110  fe^t,  is  used  for  offices  and  yields  an  annual  rental  of  $24  000.  The  new  opera  house,  which 
was  opened  by  the  Emma  Abbott  Opera  company  in  September,  is  one  of  the  best  gifts  of  the 
•rising  Commodore  to  the  city. 


..... 


56  THE  NOR  THERM  PA  CIFIC  RAILROAD. 


"The  New  Northwest,  its  boundless  resources,  new  thrown  open  for 
development,  will  revolutionize  the  commerce  of  the  World."  This  toast  was 
responded  to  by 

HON.   ALEX.   RAMSEY. 

After  one  of  the  governor's  inimitably  facetious  introductions  he  proceeded 
as  follows: 

In  March,  1849,  it  pleased  Gen.  Zachary  Taylor,  then  president  of  the  United  States,  to  appoint 
me  governor  of  what  was  left  of  the  old  Is  ortliwest  Territory,  under  the  ordinance  of  1787,  which 
was  situated  between  the  rivers  St.  Croix  and  Mississippi.  Alter  accepting  the  appointment  of 
governor  of  Minnesota,  I  found  that  there  were  but  few  white  men  residing  in  that  portion  belonging 
to  the  old  Northwest,  while  the  rest  of  the  Territory,  between-the  Mississippi  and  Missouri,  was  in 
possession  of  the  warlike  Sioux.  To  our  friends  in  the  states  of  the  Atlantic  slope  those  of  us  who 
were  living  within  the  sound  of  the  roaring  waters  of  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  were  supposed  to 
have  reached  the  "ultima  thule,"  or,  in  less  classic  phrase,  the  "jumping  off  place"  of  the  cont  nent; 
but  there,  each  settler  was  big  with  hope,  and  insisted  that  he  was  just  stepping  into  a  wonderland, 
which  sentiment  designates  as  the  new  Northwest,  a  region  destined  to  exercised  a  more  potent 
influence  upon  civilization  than  the  old  Northwest,  which  has  developed  into  the  mighty  States  of 
Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan  and  Wisconsin.  The  seal  of  the  Territory  of  Minnesota  indicated 
the  attitude  of  expectation  of  our  pioneers  by  the  representation  of  a  farmer  following  a  plow  near  the 
Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  and  watching  an  Indian  on  horseback  moving  toward  the  setting  sun,  with  the 
motto  above,  of  the  house  of  Dunraven,  "Quo  sursum  volo  videre" — I  wish  to  behold  what  is  beyond. 

By  the  conception  and  completion  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railway  this  expectat  ion  is  realized. 
In  concluding  a  message  to  the  legislature  of  Minnesota  in  January,  1853,  shortly  vfter  the  Sioux 
had  ceded  their  lands  between  the  Mississippi  and  M  issouri,  I  used  words  whh  h  some  thought  were 
not  such  as  St.  Paul  in  his  address  to  a  cer:ain  governor  called  "words  of  truth  and  soberness.'' 
Dwellers  in  the  East  looked  upon  the  language  as  that  of  one  mounted  on  a  winged  horse — a  Pegasus, 
or,  as  a  type  of  that  "spread  eagleism,''  of  the  "West.  But  as  I  repeat  those  words  to-night  they  seem 
words  of  truth  and  soberness,  and  the  prediction  is  more  than  fulfilled. 

Alluding  to  the  capital  of  Minnesota,  I  said:  "Emphatically  new  and  wild  appeared  every- 
thing to  the  viewers  from  older  communities,  and  not  the  least  novel  feature  of  the  scene  was  the 
motley  humanity  partially  filling  the  streets— the  Indians  with  their  blankets  and  painted  faces, 
and  the  red  sashes  and  moccasins  of  French  Canadian  voyageurs  greatly  predominating  over  the 
less  picturesque  costume  of  the  Anglo-American  race.  But  even  while  strangers  yet  looked,  the 
elements  of  a  mighty  change  were  working,  and  civilization  with  its  hundred  arms,  was  commenc- 
ing its  resistless  and  beneficent  empire. 

To  my  lot  fell  the  honorable  duty  of  taking  the  initial  step  in  this  work,  by  proclaiming  on 
the  1st  of  June,  1849,  the  organization  of  the  territorial  government  of  Minnesota,  and  the  conse- 
quent extension  of  the  protecting  arm  of  law  over  these  distant  regions.  The  fabled  magic  of  the 
Eastern  tale  that  reared  a  palace  in  a  single  night,  only  can  parallel  the  reality  of  growth  and  pro- 
gress. That  which  is  written,  is  written.  The  life  of  a  shoit  generation  will  realize  it.  In  our 
visions  of  the  coming  time  raise  up  in  magnificent  proportions  one  or  more  capitals  of  the  north- 
Stockholm  and  St.  Petersburg,  with  many  a  town  only  secondary  to  these  in  their  trade,  wealth, 
and  enterprise.  Steam  on  the  water,  steam  on  the  land  everywhere  fills  the  ear  and  the  sight. 
Railroads  intersecting  interlink  remotest  points.  Let  some  deem  these  visions  impracticable.  Man 
in  the  present  age  distains  the  ancient  limits  to  his  career;  and  in  this  country  especially  all  pre- 
cedents of  human  progress  and  growth  of  states  are  set  aside  by  the  impetuous,  yet  far-seeing, 
originality  of  our  fellow  citizens.' 

Since  these  words  were  uttered  civilization  has  crossed  the  Mississippi,  and  at  Fargo  and  Moor- 
head  on  the  Red  River  of  theisorth,  Bismarck  on  the  Missouri,  Helena  at  the  gates  of  the  Rocky 
mountains,  and  Portland  on  the  Pacific  coast,  are  busy  centers,  with  those  factors  of  prosperity,  the 
factory,  the  church,  the  schoolhouse,  and  the  daily  newspaper. 

^These  and  numerous  other  important  points  are  connected  by  the  steel  rails  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  railroad,  the  completion  of  which  we  celebrate  to-night,  because  of  its  importance,  and  the 
grand  part  it  will  plav  in  revolutionizing  the  commerce  of  the  world.  While  ships  found  their  way 
to  Virginia  and  New  England,  by  a  long  route,  by  way  of  the  West  Indies,  immigration  was  slow, 
but  when  Gosnold  discovered  a  new,  short,  northern  route,  there  was  a  complete  change,  and  pop- 
ulation poured  from  the  old  to  the  new  world.  The  northern  route  to  the  Pacific  opens  a  short  way 
for  the  German,  Scandinavian  and  other  nationalities  of  Europe  to  the  heart  of  the  Rocky  moun- 
tains through  a  healthful  and  picturesque  region,  and  transports  to  the  doors  of  our  merchants  the 
fruit  of  California,  the  teas  and  silks  of  Japan.  To  it,  an  immense  fertile  Northwest  is  tributary. 
By  it,  the  wheat  of  the  valley  of  the  Saskatchewan,  and  the  wool  from  the  northern  branches  of  the 
Columbia,  and  "cattle  from"  a  thousand  hills"  will  find  a  market.  People  will  hereafter  not  '  e 
grouped  together  by  States  or  natural  b  mndaries,  but  as  those  who  travel  by  the  same  road,  and 
the  Northern  Pacific  will  subdue  Indian  depredations,  and  link  together  the  dwellers  upon  each 
side  of  the  international  boundary,  the  49th  parallel  of  north  latitude.  Hereafter  it  will  be  easier 
for  explorers  and  pleasure  seekers  by  way  of  the  Yellowstone  Park  to  visit  the  ancient  countri*  s  of 
Japan,  China  and  India  than  to  go  byway  of  the  Atlantic  ocean,  Mediteranean  sea  and  Suez  canal, 
As  the  train  with  its  luxurious  accomodations  and  distinguished  guests  from  many  lands  hastens 
along,  let  lThe  dwe]lers  in  the  vaies  ari&  jn  tne  rocks 

Shout  to  each  other,  and  the  mountain  tops 
From  distant  mountains  catch  the  flying  joy.' 


57:  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS.  57 

The  next  toast,  "the  city  of  Minneapolis,"  was  responded  to  by  Hon.  A.  A. 
Ames,  the  Mayor  of  that  city. 

MAYOR   AMES'   SPEECH. 

President  Villard  and  Gentlemen  of  the  Northern  Pacific  excursion  party:  I  have  two  reasons 
for  feeling  proud  01  the  opportunity  here  afforded  for  responding  to  the  toast  "The  city  of 
Minneapolis."  First,  the  people  of  that  city,  by  calling  me  twice  to  the  office  of  Mayor, 
have  honored  me.  Second,  Minneapolis  has  been  my  home  for  thirty  years,  and  I  have  seen  her 
built  from  claim  shanties  to  her  pr.sent  majestic  proportions,  with  a  population  of  100,000 
people.  (Hurrahs  and  cheers.)  Our  city's  growth  has  been  marvelous,  and  in  this  age  of  progess 
she  stands  as  one  of  the  wonders  of  the  nineteenth  century.  Her  situation  at  the  falls  of 
St.  Anthony  gives  the  power  of  that  once  mighty  cataract  into  her  hands;  labor,  pluck 
and  capital  have  subdued  and  made  obedient  this  great  power.  It  now  propels  our  mills  and 
workshops,  in  which,  by  the  aid  of  skilled  artisans,  we  prepare  the  products  of  the  vast  Northwest 
for  Eastern  and  European  markets.  Cotton  was  once  king  of  the  country;  now  it  is  wheat,  that 
mills  in  Minneapolis.grind  27,000  barrels  of  flour  from  every  day.  (Applause.)  One  of  our  guests, 
while  passing  through  our  milling  districts  the  other  day,  told  the  whole  story  in  four  wordv-. 
when  he  exclaimed:  "It's  an  immense  bee-hive."  Minneapolis  has  developed  so  rapidly  from  a 
village  to  a  metropolitan  city  that  we  have  as  yet  not  been  able  to  entirely  free  ourselves  from  some 
farmer  ways.  (Laughter  )  The  generation  that  is  coming  forward,  with  jostling  ambitions,  will 
soon  overwhelms  us  with  a  tidal  wave  of  progress,  wherein  local  strife  and  petty  personal 
ambitions  will  be  swallowed  up.  The  dawn  of  that  pet  iod  approaches  with  the  completion  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  railroad  and  the  advent  of  Mr.  Villard.  1  he  great  Villard  artery  will  soon  begin 
to  beat  with  a  flow  of  blood  which  will  give  life  to  the  hitherto  partially  paralyzed  northern  portion 
of  our  country.  Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul  will  share  alike  the  results  of  this  wonderful  achieve- 
ment- (Applause.)  There  will  be  wealth  enough  rolled  into  our  laps  to  satisfy  all,  and  then  the 
local  jealousies  now  existing  will  be  known  no  more  forever.  (Applause.)  Reason  will  regain  her 
throne,  and  all  will  realize  that  the  interests  of  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis  are  identical.  That, 
which  benefits  one  necessarily  benefits  the  other.  ("Applause.)  Minneapolis  greets  Mr.  Villard  and 
his  distinguished  guests  with  a  sincere  and  cordial  welcome,  I  courteously  extend  to  all  of  you 
an  invitation  to  call  again  and  look  us  over  more  leisurely  when  you  return  from  the  Pacific  coast. 
Mayor  O'Brien,  allow  me  to  thank  you  and  the  city  of  St.  Paul  for  the  courtesy  you  have  shown  the 
city  of  Minneapolis  by  inviting  its  mayor,  common  council  and  prominent  citizens  to  seats  at  this 
banquet.    (Tremendous  applause  and  cheers.) 

The  tenth  regular  toast  was  as  follows  :  "The  Railroad  System  of  Minne- 
sota.   The  cause  of  the  wonderful  development  of  the  State." 

The  Hon.  James  J.  Hill,  President  of  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  & 
Manitoba  railroad,  was  called  upon  to  respond. 

ADDRESS  OF  JAMES  J.    HILL. 

Mr.  Chairman  and  Gentlemen:  It  is  a  great  pleasure  to  me  to  meet  you  all  here  to-night,  and 
to  join  with  you  in  celebrating  the  completion  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  It  is  especially  a 
great  pleasure,  because  the  railway  over  which  it  is  my  duty  and  my  great  pleasure  to  preside,  is 
most  intimately  connected  with  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad.  We  are  its  nearest  neighbor,  and  we 
are,  I  hope,  a  fairly  good  neighbor.  (Laughter.)  While  the  roads  are  rivals  in  business,  the  rivalry 
is,  I  know,  an  honorable  and  fair  competiti*  n.  We  have  been  able  to  meet  Mr.  Villard,  and  always 
my  intercourse  with  him,  and  the  officers  of  his  company,  has  been  such  as  to  warrant  me  in  feeling 
that  in  the  future,  as  well  as  in  the  past,  our  work  will  go  on  together,  each  one  seeking  to  develop 
and  open  up  new  territory,  taking  ground  to  the  front,  step  by  step — new  territory  in  which  each 
can  have  its  own  field  of  usefulness  to  the  public  and  to  ourselves.  (Applause.)  And  while  we  have 
heard  to-night  .(and  it  is  all  deserved,)  a  great  deal  of  -liaise  sounded  to  the  man  who  commenced 
the  enterprise— the  Northern  Pacific  railroad — let  me  remark  that  it  requires  a  great  captain  to 
finish  such  a  work;  and  I  want  to  congratulate  Mr.  Villard  on  bringing  to  a  successful  completion 
that  noble  enterprise.  He  has  had  to  contend  with  difficulties,  as  every  man  in  such  a  position 
must;  but  the  greatness  of  his  success  is  commensurate  with  the  magnitude  of  his  undertaking. 
Mr.  Villard  has  brought  it  to  a  successful  completion,  (Applause)  and  I  want  to  congratulate  him, 
because  I  know  some  of  his  difficulties. 

Gentlemen,  you  have  called  upon  me  to  respond  to  the  sentiment:  the  development  of  the 
State  of  Minnesota  from  its  railroad  system,  etc.  When  I  listened  to  our  honored  citizen,  Gov. 
Ramsey,  and  w^en  I  looked  around  and  saw  Mr.  Rice  and  Captain  Blakeley  and  our  old  pioneers 
who  came  here  in  the  hey-day  of  their  manhood,  when  1  :as  a  boy.  I  felt,  gentlemen,  that  you  had 
called  upon  the  wrong  man.  (Cries  of  "No!  No!  No!")  1  am  sure  that  any  words  of  mine  would 
be  altogether  superfluous.  A  great  many  of  you  were  here  before  I  came.  I  am  surprised  to  find 
how  many  men  there  are  here  who  can  s.peak  for  themselves  in  this  mntt<  r.  It  would  be  compara- 
tively an  easy  thing  to  speak  if  I  were  addressing  strangers,  but  I  have  got  to  speak  by  the  carte 
when  I  am  speaking  here.  However,  I  wfll  say  this.  In  1862  the  first  ten  miles  of  road  were 
completed  in  the  State  of  Minnesota;  to-day  you  have  over  4,000  miles  of  railway  in  the  state,— one 
mile  for  every  250  inhabitants;  and  I  say  to  you  that  it  is  all  that  any  250  people  can  support. 


58 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


Jno-  Summers.  Arch.tect&  0**E1V' 

THE  WINDSOR,  CORNER  ST.  PETER  AND  FIFTH  STREETS. 


Thirteen  years  ago,  T  first  visited  the  northern  part  of  the  State  of  Minnesota,  and  I  had  to  make 
my  trip — not  because  of  the  climate,  but  because  there  was  no  other  means  of  traveling,— with  three 
dogs.  They*  carried  my  little  bedding  and  "grub  sack"  (as  they  call  it  on  the  frontier)  360  miles. 
That  was  thirteen  years  ago.  On  Saturday  last  I  came  over  the  same  ground,  and  it  was  almost  an 
unbroken  wheat  field.  In  one  place  I  traveled,  in  a  distance  of  22  miles,  through  120  square  miles 
of  wheat,  with  only  one-half  section  that  was  not  cultivated.    (Applause.) 

Now  all  these  things  are  brought  by  the  construction  of  the  railroad.  Before  a  railroad  was 
ever  thought  of,  and  a  great  many  centuries  before,  you  had  1,532  miles  of  navigable  water;  and  it  was 
used  as  best  it  could  be.  Towns  grew  up,  but  nobody  ever  thought  of  building  a  town  unless  it  was 
situated  on  a  navigable  stream  or  at  the  head  of  navigation;  but  when  the  railroads  were 
constructed  the  prairies  were  developed  and  the  territories  of  the  interior  were  opened  up  and 
they  could  build  their  cities  and  towns  on  the  plains  as  well  as  elsewhere.  I  do  not  desire  to  go  on 
and  take  your  time,  at  this  late  hour,  to  tell  what  has  been  done  by  the  railways  in  the  State  of 
Minnesota;  for  me  to  do  so  would  be  to  recite  the  history  of  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis,  and  every 
town,  village  and  hamlet  in  the  state,  and  it  would  be  too  long  a  story. 

Gentleman,  I  am  glad,  as  I  said  before,  to  have  the  privilege  of  meeting  you  all  here,  I  am  glad 
to  be  with  you  and  to  join  you  in  celebrating  this  occasion:  and  I  ask  everyoncto  join  with  me 
in  wishing  in  the  future  the  present  Manager,  and  the  present  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  railway,  all  the  encouragement  and  all  the  success  that  they  deserve.    (Applause.) 

At  about  midnight  the  cry  "All  aboard,"  warned  the  participants  in  this 
elegant  and  remarkable  meeting  that  it  was  time  to  leave  the  festiye  hall.  Four 
monster  trains,  forming  sections  of  the  grand  railroad  procession,  received 
their  distinguished  passengers  and  rolled  away  into  the  night,  destined  to 
achieve  the  most  remarkable  trip  ever  planned  by  man.  Besides  the  prominent 
guests  fronvEngland  and  Germany  before  enumerated,  there  were  among  the 
passengers,  nine  governors  of  states  and  territories,  and  four  ex-governors  ; 
ten  United  States  senators  and  three  ex-senators  ;  twenty-six  congressmen  and 
two  ex-congressmen  ;  nine  generals  of  the  army,  and  several  other  distin- 
guished officers  ;  fifty  representative  journalists  ;  twenty-five  eminent  railroad 
men,  and  scores  of  the  brainiest  and  most  successful  men  in  other  walks  in 
life  in  the  countrv. 


£e 


6o  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


k)f  •  |f qlvlIj  •  ^prjjz  •  r)o?iT)vd<zsi<iTr)  •  yicf  ropolis. 


JSTT  certainly  did  not  require  any  phenomenal  gift  of  foresight  to  predict  for; 
|1  St.  Paul  the  grand  commercial  importance  it  has  acquired,  even  from  a,\ 
|]  date  so  remote  as  that  when  Hon.  William  Henry  Seward  predicted  it,— j 
^  1860.  The  immense  resources  of  the  great  Northwest  were  known  and 
speculated  upon  as  early  as  the  beginning  of  this  century.  So  vast  a  domain 
would  certainly  require  one  grand  center,  and  nature  had  surely  decreed  that 
it  should  be  located  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Mississippi  River,  the 
largest  artery  of  commercial  operations  in  the  world.  Its  location  in  relation 
to  the  river  makes  it  also  the  .natural  terminus  for  railways,  by  which  the 
products  of  the  most  fertile  country  in  the  world  are  transported,  to  he 
exchanged  for  the  wares  of  the  metropolitan  merchants. 

The  garden  is  now  open  and  the  gateway  is  located.  Wonderful  as  lias 
been  the  advance  made  in  the  past  three  years,  it  is  certain  to  be  multiplied 
many  fold  in  the  next  decade.  The  broad  fields  of  Northern  Minnesota  and 
Dakota  are  not  yet  one-tenth  tilled — the  development  of  the  iron  mines  01 
North  Minnesota  and  the  search  for  the  precious  metals  hidden  in  Montana, 
have  scarcely  commenced,  while  millions  of  acres  of  beef-producing  lands  lie 
ungrazed  in  the  latter  territory.  There  is  no  reason  known  at  the  present] 
time  to  prevent  St.  Paul  from  overshadowing  Chicago  in  five  years. 

THE  SITE  OF  ST.    PAUL 

combines  great  natural  beauty  with  peculiar  adaptation  to  the  requirements  of 
a  large  city.  At  this  point  there  is  a  depression  in  the  high  bluffs  which  border  j 
the  Mississippi.    Within  lies  a  great  basin  with  a  gentle  ascent  on  two  sides  to 
the  breezy  summits  of  the  surrounding  hills.    This  basin  is  marked  out  byl 
nature  for  the  business  part  of  the  city.    Its  lowest  portion  is  occupied  by 
blocks  of  huge  buildings  devoted  to  the  wholesale  trade  establised  here.    The 
upper  portion,  nearer  the  foot  of  the  steeper  ascents,   is  devoted  chiefly  to) 
retail  houses,  while  residences  climb  the  heights,  and  line  the  streets  which  I 
stretch  for  miles  along  the  plateaus  extending  back  from  the  summits  of  the  J 
circling  bluffs.    The  hill  additions  are  the  favorite  sites  for  private  buildings, 
and  along  the  summit  of  that  which  over  looks  the  Mississippi  River  are  miles  of] 
stately  homes  making  it  one  of  the  most  beautiful  avenues  in  tne  world.    One'l 
charm  of  St.  Paul  for  visitor  and  resident  alike  is  the  entire  absence  of  the! 
tame  and  wearying  flatness  which  marks  so  many  of  the  cities  of  the  west. 

The  city  of  St.  Paul  has  long  enjoyed  vn  enviable  reputation  as  a  health  J 
resort.  Favored  in  common  with  other  parts  of  Minnesota,  with  a  climate  ofl 
exceptional  salubrity,  it  has  peculiar  features  of  situation  and  topography  that! 
distinguish  it  as  a  naturally  healthful  city.  Its  elevated  site  and  diversified! 
surface  make  the  construction  of  sewers  an  easy  matter,  and  our  already* 
creditable  system  is  being  constantly  extended.  The  city  has  been,  durin M 
the  entire  period  of  its  existence,  perfectly  free  from  all  epidemics  andj 
extraordinary  diseases. 

The  following  tables  showT  that  St.  Paul  ranks  among  the  healthiest  citi 
in  the  world.  The  official  report  of  the  death  rate  for  seventeen  years,  fu 
nished  by  Dr.  Henry  F.  Hoyt,  Health  Officer,  and  the  populations  taken  fro 


" 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


61 


PIONEER  PRESS  BUILDING,  CORNER  THIRD  AND  MINNESOTA  STREETS. 


he  United  States  census  in  1870  and  1880,  the  State  census  of  1875,  and  from 
he  school  census  and  directory  census  for  other  years,  shows  as  follows: 

DEATH  RATE   OF  ST.  PAUL  FROM   1867   TO   1883. 


Year. 

Population. 

No.  deaths. 

Rate. 

Year, 

Population. 

No.  deaths. 

Rate. 

1867 

15,000 

101 

12.70 

1876 

35.000 

455 

13.00 

1868 

16,500 

250 

15.15 

1877 

36,600 

429 

11.72 

1869 

18,000 

289 

16.05 

1878 

38,200 

447 

11.70 

1870 

20,300 

358 

17.60 

1879 

39,800 

513 

12.88 

1871 

23,000 

298 

12.91 

1880 

41,498 

646 

15.56 

1872 

28,000 

660 

23.57 

1881 

50,900 

1,048 

20.52 

1873 

29,.f00 

533 

18.03 

1882 

75,835 

]  •)•>•) 

16.11 

1871 

31,000 

564 

18.19 

1883 

100,000 

1,105 

11.65 

1875 

33,300 

448 

13.41 

The  high  rates  of  1881-2  were  occasioned  by  typhoid  fever  and  diphtheria 
md  a  neglect  of  sanitary  precautions,  and  the  lower  rate  of  1883  by  increased 
:anitary  precautions  and  a  more  thorough  cleansing  of  the  city,  resulting  in 
;he  improved  health  of  the  city,  the  four  months  of  July,  August,  September 
md  October,  1883,  showing  only  409  deaths  against  608  during  the  same  months 
:»f  1882,  whereas  the  increase  of  33  per  cent,  in  the  population  should  have 
shown  802  deaths  in  1883  instead  of  499. 


62 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


Applying  the  same  rate  of  improvement  to  November  and  December,  the 
deaths  for  1883  are  set  down  at  1,165  and  St.  Paul's  death  rate  for  the  year  at 
11.65. 

Compared  to  other  cities,  the  rank  of  St.  Paul  appears  by  the  following 
table : 

AVERAGE   DEATH  RATE  OF    AMERICAN   CITIES  FOR  THE  YEAR   1877. 


Baltimore 21.25 

Boston , 20.43 

Brooklyn... 21.61 

Buffalo 10.43 

Charleston 24.34 

Chicago 18.24 

Cincinnati JL7.81 

Dayton 12.29 

Detroit 14.00 

Elmira 14.53 

Erie 13.71 

Knoxville 14.72 

Memphis 26.06 

Mobile 24.14 

Milwaukee 16.84 

Nashville 29.37 

Newark .'....23.17 

New  Haven 19.66 

New  Orleans 34.83 


New  York 24.36 

Patterson , 24.28 

Petersburgh 24.40 

Philadelphia 19.02 

Pittsburg 23.87 

Providence 18.81 

Reading 22.50 

Richmond 21.93 

Rochester 18!41 

San  Francisco .. 19.86 

Selma 19.6'2 

St.  Louis 11.69 

St.  Paul n.72 

Syracuse 13.20 

Toledo 13.54 

Washington 24.39 

Wheeling 16.78 

Yonkers 17.81 

The  world's  average 22 


Compared  with  country  districts  and  older  countries,  where  sanitary  precau- 
tions are  applied  under  a  well  regulated  system  far  in  advance  of  American 
cities,  St.  Paul  still  maintains  the  highest  rank  as  the  following  figures  show : 

Fifty-one  healthy  districts  in  England,  34  years— from  1838  to  1871 17.00 

England  and  Wales 22.00 

Liverpbol 37.00 

Prussia 21.00 

Italy 30.02 

Sweden 20.03 

France 24.02 

Average  death  rate  the  world  over 22.00 

MINNESOTA,  1882,  population,  900,000;  number  of  deaths,  12,398;  (official,)  rate 

per  1,000 13.77 

Death  rates  increase  with  the  density  of  population  as  (see  England  and 
Wales,  22;  Liverpool,  37;)  St.  Paul's  death  rate  should  be  naturally  higher  now 
with  100,000  population  than  in  1867-8,  with  15,000  or  16,000,  but  it  is  lower.  It 
should  be  higher  in  1883  than  in  1881  and  1882,  whereas  the  official  figures 
above  show  it  has  decreased  from  20.52  per  1,000  and  16.78  per  1,000  to  11.65, 
showing  it  to  be  the  healthiest  city  of  100,000  population  in  the  world. 

The  diseases  causing  the  85  deaths  in  October  are  reported  by  Dr.  Hoyt  as 


1;  typhoid  fever,  5;  heart  disease,  4;  hydrocephalus^;  inanition, 3;  inflamma- 
tion of  brain,  4;  inflammation  brouchi,  3;  inflammation  larynx,2;  inflammation 
lungs,4;  inflammation  peritonem,  2;  inflammation  pleura,  1;  maramsus,  3- 
paralysis,!;  pyemia,  1;  pyemia  pulmon,  1;  rheumatism,  1;  rachitis,  1;  tuter- 
culosis,  1;  tyhoidpulmo,  1;  unknown,  1.  g  j 

The  five  deaths  from  consumption  should  be  explained  by  saying  that  St.j 
Paul  and  this  State  are  a  great  resort  for  persons  in  the  incipient  stages  of  con- 
sumption, for  which  the  climate  is  almost  a  specific,  while  many  come  too  laiej 
in  the  last  stages  of  the  disease,  only  to  add  an  increased  figure  to  our  death! 
rates. 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


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64 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


(orowfr)  •  ir)  •  ffopulccfior), 


j  T.  PAUL'S  growth  in  population  has  been  decidedly  erratic.    During  the 
year  1838,  when  Parrant  began  to  make  the  history  of  the  town,  there 
jg§JN     were  but  three  white  persons  within  the  present  corporate  limits.     It 
-— - <     required  no  less  than  nine  years'  time — or  until  1847 — to  bring  the 
J '      population  up  to  fifty  souls.     "Within  two  years,  or  in  1849,  there  was  a 
"boom"  for  the  new  trading  post,  and  the  number  of  people  increased  to  400. 
Then  came  ten  years  of  remarkable  development,  and  St.  Paul  found  itself 
quite  a  metropolis  'in  I860,  with  a  population  of  10,600.    The  five  years  follow- 
ing were  unpropitious,  and  the  population  in  that  time  (1865)  had  increased 
only  2,610,  bringing  the  number  up  to- 13,210.    Three  years  of  rapid  growth 
followed,  and  in  1868  the  city  numbered  20,118  population.     From  that  time 
until  the  close  of  1870  there  was  a  decided  lull  in  the  affairs  of  St.  Paul,  as  the 
increase  in  inhabitants  was  only   about   2,000.    The    succeeding  ten  years 
witnessed  a  steady,  solid  development,  and  the  year  1880  was  ushered  in" with 
an  estimated  population  of  40,000.    The  census  of  that  year  demonstrated  that 
the  citizens  of  St.  Paul  were  not  given  to  exaggeration,  for  the  actual  returns 
■gave  the  official  count  at  41,496. 

PHENOMENAL   GROWTH. 

From  that  year,  1880,  dates  a  phenomenal  growth ;  an  increase  in  popu- 
lation never  equaled  by  any  American  city  of  equal  size.  The  figures  given 
are  not  mere  estimates  or  guess  work,  but  are  the  result  of  actual  count  or 
canvass  on  the  part  of  the  publishers  of  the  city  directory  and  the  postoffice 
department.  To  state  it  briefly* and  simply,  the  population  of  St.  Paul  has 
considerably  more  than  doubled  within  three  years,  as  is  proven  by  the  fact 
that  the  city  directory  of  1880,  when  the  United  States  census  placed  the 
number  of  inhabitants  at  41,498,  contained  16,399  names,  while  the  directory 
for  18S3  contains  35,351  names,  or  an  increase  of  18,952  within  the  specified 
three  years.  This  remarkable  growth  can  only  be  appreciated  when  compari- 
with  the  growth  oi  other  cities  is  given  in  illustration: 

PRESENT  POPULATION  AND  COMPARISONS. 

As  before  stated,  the  number  of  names  in  the  St.  Paul  directory  for  1883  is 
35,351.  In  estimating  population  upon  the  basis  of  names  in  the  business 
directory,  Chicago,  Cincinnati,  Cleveland,  Buffalo  and  Kansas  City  use  the 
multiple  oh,  which,  applied  to  St.  Paul  would  give  a  population^ of  123,728. 
Milwaukee,  Indianapolis,  Toledo-,  Denver  and  other  cities  generally  use  the 
multiple  3,  which  would  give  a  population  of  106,053.  Indeed,  estimating  by 
the  very  lowest  and  most  conservative  standard,  2.},  and  St.  Paul  is  assured  of 
88,378  inhabitants,  or  an  equal  number  with  Indianapolis  and  over  one-third 
more  than  Kansas  City.  However,  the  increase  in  names  in  the  city  directory 
within  the  past  year,  is  most  surprising,  when  comparisons  are  made  with 
other  cities  and  the  difference  in  size  of  the  respective  places  is  taken  into 
consideration.  For  instance,  the  increase  in  names  in  the  Chicago  directory 
for  1883  over  1882  is  but  3,450,  while  that  of  St.  Paul's  is  5,017.  Toledo  shows 
an  increase  of  but  2,145  names,  and  Milwaukee  (which  claims  to  be  growing 
fast)  only  4,459.  In  other  words,  St.  Paul  is  the  most  rapidly-growing  city  on 
,the  continent  to-day,  having  adtually  added  more  persons  to  its  population  the 
past  year  than  has  Chicago. 


ST  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS.  65 


LINDEKES,  WARNER  &  SCHURMEIER'S  BLOCK,  COR.  OF  FOURTH  AND  SIBLEY  STS. 

A  massive  structure  of  red  brick  with  stone  trimmings,  occupying  100x130  feet  and  having  four 
stories  and  two  basements.  The  firm  engages  in  its  wholesale  dry  goods  and  manufacturing  lines, 
eighty-three  men  and  about  three  hundred  girls.  The  business  aggregates  millions  of  dollars  annually, 
extending  over  a  vast  territory.     They  have  very  advantageous  connections  with  foreign  markets. 


THE  FIGURES. 


Herewith  is  presented  a  tabulated  statement  of  the  yearly  growth  -of  St. 
Paul's  population. 

INHABI- 
YEAR.  TANTS. 

1871 24,200 

1872 . 25,500 

1873 27,023 

1875 33,178 

1880* 41,498 

1881 50,900 

1882 75,835 

1883 P123,728 

1883 1106,053 

1883 **88,378 


YEAR. 

1838.., 
1847., 
1849.., 

1850*. 


INHABI- 
TANTS. 
3 

50 
400 

.       840 


1855 4,400 

1857 9,973 

1860 10,600 

1865 13.210 

1870* 20,300 


! 


*  United  States  Census. 
P  Using  Chicago  multiple,  3£. 
f  Using  Milwaukee  multiple, 
*  Using  multiple  2$. 


66  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


VALUATION  OF  CITY  PROPERTY. 

The  increase  of  wealth  in  St.  Paul  has  kept  pace  with  its  surprising  strides 
in  population.  The  assessed  valuation  of  real  and  personal  property  in  1880 
was,  for  personal  property,  $8,827,753;  real  estate,  $21,040,634.  In  1882  the 
personal  property  had  advanced  to  $10,040,538,  while  the  real  estate  was 
assessed  at  $30,454,499.  For  the  present  year  the  personal  property  valuation 
will  reach  $15,000,000  and  real  estate  $45,000,000.  These  valuations,  of  course, 
are  given  upon  the  assessor's  scale,  which,  on  the  average,  rates  all  classes  of 
property  at  less  than  one-half  its  real  cash  value.  In  round  numbers  it  may 
be  given  that  the  actual  wealth  of  St.  Paul  exceeds  $150,000,000. 

In  this  connection  it  should  be  stated  that  the  fact  of  low  assessment  of 
property,  especially  realty,  is  proof  that  taxation  is  comparatively  light. 


a 


ail  road  •  ar)d  •  W  ale  r  •  Oysferrjs, 


j§§  T.  PAUL  is  the  acknowledged  railway  center  of  the  Northwestern  system. 
s"sl  Nine  great  railway  corporations  make  this  city  their  headquarters  and 
chief  terminal  point,  or  a  principal  terminus.  One  hundred  and  fifty-five 
passenger  trains  run  in  and  out  of  the  St.  Paul  Union  Depot  daily.  Of 
the  great  railway  centers  of  the  country,  New  York  is  the  chief  for  the 
Eastern  system,  Chicago  for  the  Central  Western,  Cincinnati  for  the  Southern, 
St.  Louis  for  the  Southwestern,  and  St.  Paul  for  the  Northwestern.  In  actual 
importance  as  a  railway  center,  St.  Paul  now  ranks  third,  Chicago  and  New  York 
alone  leading.  St.  Paul  has  achieved  this  importance  during  the  construction 
of  the  Northern  Pacific;  and  with  that  system  perfected  and  completed  the 
future  railway  development  of  the  city  can  scarcely  be  estimated.  The  present 
railway  system  makes  directly  tributary  to  St.  Paul  the  entire  northern  half  ot 
Wisconsin,  with  its  lumber  product  of  over  2,000,000,000  feet  annually,  and  the 
now  developing  mineral  resources  of  that  region;  the  commerce  of"  the  great 
lakes  that  centers  at  Duluth;  the  agricultural  and  other  products  of  Southern 
Dakota,  Minnesota  and  Northern  Iowa;  the  forests  ana  mines  of  Northern 
Minnesota;  the  vast  and  varied  productions  and  resources  of  Manitoba;  and 
the  present  and  prospective  development  of  Dakota,  Montana,  Idaho,  Oregon, 
Washington  Territory  and  Alaska.  A  field  such  as  neither  New  York  nor 
Chicago  ever  dreamed  of  monopolizing  as  the  chief  financial  and  commercial 
center.  This  railway  development  is  practically  the  result  of  about  ten  year's 
labor;  for,  in  1873,  the  Northern  Pacific  was  as  much  a  failure  as  it  now  is  a 
success. 

It  is  only  by  considering  in  order  the  railroads  which  diverge  from  St. 
Paul  like  the  spokes  of  an  enormous  wheel,  that  an  adequate  idea  of  their  vast 
reach  and  their  importance  as  outlets  for  the  whole  Northwest  can  be  obtained. 
On  the  North  and  Northeast,  two  separate  systems  run  directly  to  points  upon 
Lake  Superior,  thus  furnishing  connection  with  the  water  transportation  of 
the  chain  of  the  Great  Lakes.  The  St.  Paul  &  Duluth,  connecting  St.  Paul 
with  Duluth,  at  the  head  of  Lake  Superior,  runs  a  direct  line  of  155  miles, 
and  forms  the  last  link  in  the  northern  water  route  to  the  Atlantic  seaboard. 
The  North  Wisconsin  division  of  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha 
connects  St.  Paul  with  Ashland  and  Bayfield  on  Lake  Superior  and  doubles  the 
facilities  for  reaching  the  east  and  west  line  of  water  transportation  for  the 
continent. 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN-  TERMINUS. 


67 


ALLEN,  MOON  &  CO.'S  WHOLESALE  GROCERY   HOUSE,  CORNER  THIRD 

AND  SIBLEY  STREETS. 

This  is  a  handsome  yellow  brick  block,  75x125  feet,  having  five  spacious  stories.    It  is  one  of 
tke  leading  houses  in  its  line  and  does  a  very  large  business  throughout  the  northwest. 


Turning  a  little  further  to  the  east  and  south  upon  the  circumference  of 
the  circle,  the  through  connections  with  Chicago  and  the  East  are  reached. 
The  northernmost  of  these  trunk  lines  is  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern,  and  the 
Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha,  forming  one  line  under  one  manage- 
ment between  Chicago  and  St.  Paul.  The  Omaha  operates  1,149  miles  of  road. 
The  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  the  enormous  system  which  controls  and 
operates  over  4,509  miles  of  road,  has  two  independent  lines  from  St.  Paul  to 
Milwaukee;  the  one  known  as  the  River  division,  following  the  Mississippi  to 
La  Crosse,  and  thence  running  east  across  Wisconsin;  the  other,  known  as  the 
Iowa  and  Minnesota  division,  striking  south  through  Southern  Minnesota  and 
Northeastern  Iowa,  then  turning  eastward  to  the  same  objective  point, 
Milwaukee,  whence  Chicago  is  reached  over  a  common  track.  Still  farther  to 
the  south,  the  Rock  Island  road  pierces,  and  enters  St.  Paul  over  the  track  of 
the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis.  <  These -great  through  lines  join  St.  Paul  directly 
by  rail  with  the  systems  terminating  at  the  principal  points  upon  the  Atlantic 
seaboard.    Besides  the  Southern  connections  for  St.  Louis  that  are  a  part  of  the 


68  THE' NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

Rock  Island  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  there  are  the  through 
lines  of  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis,  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy,  and 
the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern,  tapping  the  South  and  Southwest, 
and  putting  St.  Paul  in  communication  with  all  the  principal  railroad  centers 
of  that  region.  To  these  must  be  added,  on  the  Southwest,  the  St.  Paul  & 
Sioux  City,  a  part  of  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  system, 
penetrating  to  Omaha  and  connecting  with  the  central  transcontinental" route, 
and  the  Hastings  and  Dakota  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul, 
which  lays  tributary  the  whole  of  Southern  and  Central  Dakota. 

Important  as  is  the  system  already  outlined,  it  is  the  connections  on  the 
North  and  Northwest  that  deserve  especial  notice,  both  because  of  the 
immense  extent  of  territory  which  they  reach,  and  because  they  bring  the 
resources  of  this  territory  directly  to  St.  Paul,  which  is  their  terminal  point. 
First  of  these  stands  the  Northern  Pacific,  the  greatest  railroad  enterprise  of 
the  age,  uniting  the  city  of  St.  Paul  with  Portland  and  Tacoma,  and  complet- 
ing the  long-projected  northern  line  across  the  continent.  The  main  line  is 
1,911  miles  in  length.  Branch  lines  in  Oregon,  Washington,  Minnesota, 
Dakota  and  Montana,  completed  or  under  construction,  aggregate  a  length  of 
2,000  miles,  making  a  system  of  not  far  from  4,000  miles  of  trunk  lines.  To 
St.  Paul,  as  the  eastern  terminus,  belongs  the  commerce  of  the  vast  region  thus 
made  accessible,  and  here  will  be  the  connecting  point  for  the  through  traffic 
from  ocean  to  ocean. 

Second  to  this  in  length,  though  scarcely  in  commercial  importance,  is  the 
system  of  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Manitoba,  with  about  1,500  miles  in 
operation  and  70  miles  under  construction.  From  St.  Paul  one  of  its  lines  j 
runs  in  a  northwesterly  direction  to  Breckenridge  and  thence  to  the  boundary  ' 
of  Manitoba,  and  another  by  way  of  Fergus  Falls  to  St.  Vincent,  where  it 
connects  with  the  Canadian  Pacific.  Numerous  branches  on  the  East  and 
West  sides  of  these  lines  penetrate  the  rapidly  developing  country  of  the 
Northwest.  This  road  is  the  outlet  of  the  Red  River  Valley,  and  the  vast 
extent  of  fertile  territory  which  it  drains,  and  connections  with  the  Canadian 
Pacific  give  it  a  prominent  place,  not  only  in  the  railroad  system  of  Minnesota 
and  Dakota,  but  also  in  that  of  the  whole  nation. 

Of  the  lines  which  have  been  mentioned,  the  Northern  Pacific,  the  St. 
Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Manitoba,  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha, 
and  the  St.  Paul  &  Duluth,  make  this  city  their  terminal  headquarters;  and 
the  three  first  named  have  erected  here  commodious  and  substantial  buildings 
for  their  general  offices.  The  local  improvements  made  in  St.  Paul  during  the 
last  year  by  the  railroads  aggregate  $830,000.  Most  important,  however,  with  a 
view  to  the  future  of  the  city,  is  the  purchase  of  large  tracts  of  land,  aggrega- 
ting about  four  hundred  "acres,  in  the  northern  part  of  St.  Paul,  by  the 
Northern  Pacific  road  for  its  terminal  passenger  and  freight  depots,  shops, 
cattle  yards,  etc.,  and  to  afford  transfer  facilities  with  its  Eastern  connections 
on  a  scale  co-extensive  with  the  anticipated  magnitude  of  transcontinental 
traffic.  The  new  stock  yards  are  intended  to  accommodate  the  cattle  trade  with 
Montana,  which  promises  to  make  St.  Paul  one  of  the  chief  cattle  markets  of 
the  Union.  The  importance  of  St.  Paul  as  a  railroad  center  may  be  partly 
measured  by  the  following  business  statistics  of  the  Union  Derjot:  Number  of 
passenger  trains  arriving  and  departing  daily,  155;  number  of  pieces  of  baggage 
handled  per  day,  3,500;  estimated  average  number  of  passengers  arriving  and 
departing  daily,  14,000.  Seventeen  tons  of  United  States  mail  are  handled 
daily  from  incoming  and  outgoing  trains,  and  200  freight  cars  per  day  are 
transferred  in  the  yards  of  the  Union  Depot.  But  the  railroad  transfer  business 
of  St.  Paul  is  chiefly  done  at  the  halfway  transfer  station,  where  nearly  all  the 
East  and  West  lines  connect  for  that  purpose.  The  amount  of  freight  received 
and  shipped  at  and  from  St.  Paul  *or  the  year  ended  June  30,  1883  (not  through 
freight),  was  2,291,407  tons. 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


69 


P.  H.  KELLY  MERCANTILE  CO.  BLOCK,  CORNER  THIRD  AND  SIBLEY  STREETS. 
This  great  grocery  company  occupy  a  five  story  building  150x125  feet.    There  are  one  hundred 
and  ten  men  employed  and  the  annual  sales  are  enormous.    This  building  is  in  the  same  block  as 
the  Union  Depot. 


Local  improvements  by  various  roads  during  1882,  cost:  Northern 
Pacific,  $250,000;  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Manitoba,  $484,500;  St.  Paul  & 
Omaha,  $71,000;  St.  Paul  &  Duluth,  $12,500;  Union  depot,  $12,000.  Total, 
$830,000. 

The  number  of  miles  of  railway  constructed  in  the  United  States  during 
1882  was  11,000,  of  which  2,400  miles,  or  more  than  one-fifth  is  credited  to  the 
system  centering  in  St.  Paul.  The  cost  of  the  building  and  equipment  of  the 
2,400  miles  of  railway  added  to  the  St.  Paul  svstem  in  1882,  estimated  at 
$25,000  per  mile,  gives  a  total  expenditure  of  $60,000  000.  This  amount  of 
building  will  be  quite  equaled  this  year.  Just  now  there  is  a  hot  contest  on  the 
part  of  several  Eastern  and  Southern  railway  corporations  to  be  first  to  extend 
their  lines  into  St.  Paul,  and  it  is  about  certain  that  five  new  roads  will  run  in 
here  next  year.  They  are  the  Wisconsin  Central,  the  St.  Paul  &  Eastern 
Grand  Trunk,  the  Green  Bay,  Winona  &  St.  Paul,  the  Cannon  Valley,  and  an 
entirely  new  and  direct  route  from  Chicago  to  St.  Paul.  Not  less  than  fourteen 
distinct  railway  corporations  will  make  St.  Paul  a  principal  terminus  before 
the  close  of  1885. 


7o  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

WATER  COMMUNICATION. 

While  dwelling  upon  the  network  of  railways  which  intersect  each  other 
at  St.  Paul,  the  line  of  communication  which  nature  has  furnished,  and  which 
first  gave  the  city  a  local  habitation  and  a  name,  must  not  be  forgotten. 
Secondary  in  importance  though  river  be  to  rail,  it  first  connected  the  people 
of  St.  Paul  with  the  outside  world,  it  remains  the  route  for  cheap  transporta- 
tion of  bulky  commodities,  by  competition  regulates  traffic  rates,  and  it  is 
destined  to  rise  to  greater  influence  in  the  future,  when  plans  of  improvement 
now  contemplated  or  actually  under  way  shall  have  been  carried  out.  From 
St.  Paul  the  Mississippi  flows  uninterrupted  to  the  Gulf.  The  system  of  East 
and  West  water  transportation  on  the  North  is  met  by  the  system  of  North  and 
South  transportation  at  its  doors,  and  no  small  portion  of  the  products  of  the 
Northwest  will  find  their  way  down  the  river  to  the  sea.  The  carriage  of 
grain  by  barges  has  already  become  a  great  industry.  The  United  States  has 
begun  a  system  of  reservoirs  on  the  head  waters  of  the  Mississippi,  the  object 
of  which  is  to  store  up  water  during  the  season  of  abundant  rains  and  of  high 
water  on  the  lower  river,  and  to  release  it  when  the  period  of  low  water 
begins,  thus  securing  a  channel  deep  enough  to  admit  of  continuous  naviga- 
tion to  St.  Paul  at  any  season  of  the  year.  One  of  these  reservoirs  is  already 
approaching  completion  and  others  are  under  way.  If  they  accomplish  the 
results  which  those  best  skilled  in  engineering  science  predict,  the  Upper 
Mississippi  will  be  as  valuable  to  commerce  as  the  lower  portion  of  the  great 
stream.  Boats  of  heavy  draught  can  come  and  goat  stated  times  without  fear 
of  low  water,  and  the  barge  Rystem  for  transporting  wheat,  the  practicability 
< >f  which  has  been  already  demonstrated,  will  be  used  to  convey  the  product 
of  the  fields  of  the  Northwest  down  the  river  to  where  ocean  steamers  await  it 
at  the  Gulf.  There  is  little  doubt  that  the  time  will  come  when  to  be  situated 
at  the  head  of  navigation  will  mean  as  much  as  it  did  in  the  days  of  early 
settlement.  It  is  claimed  that  the  feasibility  of  an  all-water  route  from  St. 
Paul  to  Europe  has  been  sufficiently  demonstrated,  and  only  needs  develop- 
ment to  make  it  a  settled  and  important  feature  of  American  foreign 
commerce.  At  the  present  time  there  are  fifteen  or  sixteen  steamboats  plying 
regularly  to  St.  Paul  from  Southern  river  points  and  from  points  on  the  St. 
Croix  River.  Business  is  constantly  increasing  on  the  river  route,  the 
freighting  of  1882  exceeding  that  of  1881  by  3,614  tons,  and  the  passenger 
business  of  1882  exceeding  that  of  the  previous  year  by  40  per  cent.  There 
were  during  1882,  158  arrivals  of  steamboats,  and  the  business  this  season  is 
fully  up  to  that  standard. 


*  §)t  |f  etui's  •  Wholesale  •  |i) 


usir)ess.  * 


wgk  T.  PAUL'S  reputation  as  a  commercial  center  is  absolutely  fixed  at  the 
head  of  all  Northwestern  competitors.    The  special  pride  of  the  city  is  its 
wholesale  business.    For  a  time  in  the  early  history  of  the  town,  persons 
in  trade  both  wholesaled  and  retailed,  and  it  was  not  until  1856  that  the  ; 
first  distinctly  wholesale  grocery  house  was  established  by  Mr.  Bruno 
Beaupre.    In  1859,  P.  F.  McQuillan  &  Co.  organized  a  wholesale  grocery  house, 
and  toe  same  year  William  Lee  established  his  jobbing  house  in  dry  goods.  ] 
The  great  dry  goods  house  of  Auerbach,  Finch  &  Van  Slyck  had  its  origin  in  the 
house  of  Justice  &  Forepaugh,  established  in  1856.    The  real  development  of  the  ■ 
wholesale  trade  of  St.' Paul,  however,  dates  from  the  close  of  the  war  of  the  \ 


57:  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


7i 


rebellion  in  1865.  At  that  time  there  were  but  a  few  houses  in  business,  and  a 
trade  of  $100,000  a  year  was  considered  a  marvel  of  success.  From  that  time 
the  wholesale  business  developed  rapidly,  and  in  1870  the  sales  amounted  to 
$9,813,000.  In  1878  the  volume  of  business  had  increased  to  $31,939,500,  and 
St.  Paul  was  acknowledged  to  he  a  formidable  rival  to  St.  Louis,  Chicago  and 
Milwaukee  for  the  trade  of  the  Northwest.  In  1881  the  sales  aggregated 
$46,555,999,  and  at  the  close  of  1882  it  was  found  that  St.  Paul  contained  no  less 
than  276  first-class  wholesale  houses,  54  of  which  each  did  a  business  ranging 
from  $100,000  to  $250,000  annually;  40  ranging  from  $250,000  to  $500,000;  10  from 
$500,000  to  $1,000,000;  4  from  $1,000,000  to  $2,000,000;  and  6  aggregating 
$19,466,334  during  the  year.  The  volume  of  business  in  1882  aggregated  the 
magnificent  total  of  $66,628,494,  surpassing  that  of  1881  by  $20,072,495.  The 
grocery  trade  alone  increased  $7,133,000,  and  the  sales  of  lumber  more  than 
doubled.  There  was  a  heavy  increase  in  hardware  sales,  exceeding  that  of 
1881  by  nearly  $2,000,000.  'Grain  and  commission  business  also  gained 
$1,500,000  over  the  preceding  year,  and  the  dry  goods  trade  showed  up 
$1,000,000  better  than  in  1881.  The  employes  in  the  wholesale  lines  number 
4,684,  an  increase  of  nearly  100  per  cent,  over  the  year  before. 

COMPARISONS    OF  1882   WITH  1881. 


KIND  OF    BUSINESS. 


C  i    « 

«    ■ 
2    "5 


1882. 


cu  . 

I" 

—    Amount  of 
sales. 


Increase 
over 

1881. 


c4 

"A 

8 

72 

14 

70 , 

7 

93 

3 

72 

14 

40 ; 

2 

.46 

6 

49 

3 

57; 

7 

137 

4 

124 

12 

368 ! 

3 

186 

4 

44 

43 

82 

9 

385 

o 

8 

16 

248  i 

4 

57 

5 

26 

2 

21 

17 

1,525 

9 

5i 

7 

116 

5 

66 

7 

60 1 

5 

176 

2 

30 

16 

100 

40 

426 

276 

4,684 

Agricultural  implements 

Beer 

Blank  books,  paper 

Boots  and  shoes 

Cigars  and  tobacco 

Clothing 

Coffee,  tea,  spices,  etc 

Crockery,  and  Glassware 

Confectionery,  fruit,  etc 

Drugs,  paints  and  oils 

Dry  goods,  and  notions 

Fuel  and  pig  iron 

Furniture 

Grain,  flour  and  commission 

Groceries 

Guns  and  sporting  goods 

Hardware,  stoves  and  heavy  iron . 

Hats,  caps  and  furs 

Hides  and  furs 

Leather,  saddlery 

Lumber 

Live  stock 

Machinery  and  mill  supplies 

Musical  instruments 

Provisions , 

Sash,  doors  and  blinds 

Trunks  and  valises 

Wines  and  liquors 

Miscellaneous 

Total 


$1,910000! 
1,088,154; 
1,236,056| 
2,825,000! 

650,300! 

800,000 ; 

692,0001 

474,000 
1,471,250 
1,760,000 
9,144,500 
2,888,334 

455,000 

5,875,736 

13,533,000 

150,000 
3,982,940j 
1,175,000 

800.  "00! 

626,000' 
3,439.622| 
2.492,144 
1,:  98,200, 

429.000 j 
1,209.0001 

692.CO0! 

200,000 
2.331,484 
3,002,148 


8440, 000 

263,656 

386,056 

321,722 

14,382 

1507660 

6,000 

816,250 

215,000 

1.000,500 

831,757 

280,000 

1,468,264 

7,183,000 

60,000 

1,677,940 

415,000 

200,000 

*208,374 

2,091,622 

*432,856 

363,512 

319,000 

1,023,000 

342,000 

75,000 

251,484 

*504,540 


866,628,494      820,072.495 


*  Decease. 
[Miscellaneous  includes  billiard  tables,   brooms,  brewers' supplies,  bricks,   fish,  junk,  jewelry, 
lime  and  cement,  oysters,  papers  and  periodicals,  printing  materials,  rubber  goods,  steam  heating, 
upholstery,  undertakers,  vinegar,  wagons  and  carriages.] 


72 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


Great  as  was  the  increase  of  1882  over  1881,  it  will  be  greatly  exceeded  by 
that  of  1883  over  1882.  The  writer  has  ascertained,  through  interviews  with  a 
large  majority  of  the  wholesalers,  that  the  actual  sales  of  goods  for  the  first 
nine  months  of  this  year — to  October  1st— amount  to  an  average  rate  of 
'ncrease  of  at  least  twenty-five  per  cent,  giving  over  thirty  per  cent,  for  the 
year,  making  for  the  old  concerns  $86,617,041,  while  the  acquisition  of  new 
houses  in  almost  every  line  of  trade,  will  swell  the  grand  total  to  an  amount 
much  over  $90,000,000. 

Through  the  courtesy  of  the  mercantile  agency  of  Messrs.  R.  G.  Dun  &  Co. 
we  are  enabled  to  give  the  following  interesting  and  thoroughly  reliable 
figures:  In  1879  their  reference  book  showed  that  there  were  570  business 
houses  in  St.  Paul,  including,  of  course,  wholesale  and  retail :  On  September 
1st,  1881,  the  books  showed  1,030  houses,  and  in  October  of  this  year—1883 
— 1,825,  an  increase  in  two  years  of  1,225  business  concerns  I  Taking  the 
minimum  of  capital  we  have  the  following  astounding  result: 

5  houses,  responsibility  over $1,000,000  $5,000,000 

'6  "  "  750,000  4,500,000 

17  "  *  "  500,000  8,500,000 

33  "  "  u  300,000  9,900,000 

51  "  "  "  200,000  10,200,000 

70  "  "  "  125,000  •  8,750,000 

107  "  "  <  75,000  8,025,000 

162  "  "  »  40,000  6,480,000 

268  "  "  «  20,000  5,360,000 

405  "  "  "  10,000  4,050,000 

545  "  "  "  5,000  2,725,000 

$73,490,000 

The  above  include  only  home  concerns  and  no  foreign  ones  that  have 
branches  in  St.  Paul. 

IMPORTATIONS. 

Over  fifty  firms  in  St.  Paul  are  importing  heavily,  as  goods  bought  at 
foreign  points  and  brought  in  bond  to  this  city  can  be  sold  much  cheaper 
throughout  the  Northwest  than  those  breaking  bulk  at  New  York  or  Chicago. 
The  receipts  of  customs  show  most  significantly  the  rates  of  increase  of 
business. 

The  following  table  shows  the  increase  for  three  years: 


1881. 


Total 
from  all 
sources. 


1882. 


Total 
from  all 
sources. 


1883. 


Total 
from    all 
sources. 


January I  $1,711  90 

February ^.\  3,847  55 

March I  1,126  96 

April !  2,471  37 

May |  3,570  65 

June 2,324  67 

July I  4,466  53 

August 1 1,257  20 

September 3,582  26 

October 754  96 

November i  3,581  78 

December |  2,140  00 

Total '  831.835  83 


$2,009  37 
4,022  65 
2,740  60 
3,312  49 
1,442  17 
3,468  68 
2,843  75 
7,792  96 
5,129  09 
3,434  45 
5,477  50 
3,574  67 

$45,247  78 


$3,631  36 
7,337  41 
6,070  21 
2,500  31 
4,972  57 
3,782  74 
8,520  75 
7,951  28 
9,630  86 
3,333  07 


$57,730  56 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


73 


MAXFIELD  &  SEABURY,  WHOLESALE  GROCERS,  CORNER  OF  THIRD 

AND  SIBLEY  STREETS. 

Avery  solid  and  handsome  granite  block  94x150  feet,  the  firm  occupying  64  feet  of  the  Third 
Street  frontage,  and  Merrell,  Sahlgaard  &  Thwing,  wholesale  druggists,  the  remainder.  The  business 
done  is  in  advance  of  many  leading  grocery  houses  in  larger  cities. 


The  total  income  from  all  sources  this  year  will  easily  reach  $66,000, 
according  to  what  is  already  known  to  be  purchased  and  in  bond.  Following 
are  receipts  for  5  years: 

1879 $11,821.56. 

1880 16,789.63. 

1881 *. 31,835.83. 

1882 45,247.78. 

1883 66,000.00. 

Among  the  goods  imported  through  our  custom  house  this  year  were- 
500,000  pounds  of  tea  on  which  there  is  no  duty.  St.  Paul  is  now,  with  the 
opening  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  destined  to  become  the  great 
primary  tea  market,  and  the  largest  tea  depot  on  the  continent. 


74- 


TH  E  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


/*i<a:r)utdciu 


ures.  * 


T.  PAUL'S  reputation  as  a  financial  and  commercial  center  has  been  so 
pronounced  as  to  convey  the  impression  that  it  was  not  in  any  sense  a 
manufacturing    city.    The  average  citizen,    indeed,  rather  disclaims 

freatness  for  the  town  in  this  direction,  and  yet  the  facts  prove  that  St. 
'aul's  manufacturing  industries  have  not  only  kept  pace  with  financial 
and  commercial  lines,  but  have  actually  exceeded  in  growth  the  very  interests 
the  city  is  wont  to  boast  of.  The  development  of  St.  Paul's  manufacturing 
lines  during  the  past  ten  or  twelve  years  have  been  really  phenomenal.  In 
1870  there  were  but  eighty-eight  manufacturing  concerns  within  the  corporate 
limits,  employing  985  persons  and  turning  out  $1,611,378  worth  of  products 
annually;  yet  the  close  of  1882  showed  694  concerns,  12,267  employes,  and  a 
yearly  product  of  $22,390,589.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  ratio  of  increase  in 
manufactures  has  been  fully  equal  to  that  of  other  developments. 


KIND  OF  BUSINESS. 


Agricultural  implements 

Awnings  and  tents   ..-„ 

Boots  and  shoes 

Bookbinding 

Brooms  and  brushes 

Brewers,  malters  and  bottlers 

Blacksmiths  and  wheelwrights 

Bricks  and  tile 

Cigars 

Contractors  and  builders 

Clothing 

•Coffees,   spices  and  baking  powders 

Crackers  and  bakery  products 

Confectionery 

I'rugs,  chemicals  and  oils 

Furs 

Furniture  and  upholstery 

Flour  and  grist  milling 

<4unsmithing 

Harness  and  saddlery 

Iron — architectural 

Jewelry  and  watchmaking 

Millinery  and  lace  goods 

Marble  and  stone  cutting 

Mineral  waters 

Machine  shops,  foundries  and  boiler  works. 

Printing  and  publishing 

Photography 

Railroad  repairs  and  car  making 

Sash,  doors,  boxes  and  planing  mills 

Slaughtering  and  meat  packing 

Tin,  hardware  and  stoves 

Trunks  and  valises 

Type  foundries 

Wagons  and  carriages 

Miscellaneous 


Total. 


u  a 

o  k 
Si    o 

1  S 

<VJS 

&   .2 

—  m 

S3 

if 

£~ 

2 

380 

$864,000 

3 

45 

136,000 

21 

383 

828,877 

6 

85 

.  85,877 

6 

'  42 

55,250 

18 

1  ^ 

807,856 

15 

!  67 

46,900 

9 

203 

/  158,900 
'  772,000 

30 

489 

126 

3,382 

4,159,860 

75 

1,139 

1,781,166 

6 

119 

793,104 

22 

V  238 

800,500 

9 

75 

266,000 

13 

68 

328,900 

6 

137 

222,300 

24 

253 

504,000 

7 

85 

1,447.000 

3 

•  20 

22,500 

15 

119 

226,950 

2 

61 

109,498 

2 

'  10 

18,000 

17 

J  71 

87,330 

14 

1  124 

125,000 

4 

24 

24,000 

15 

398 

646, 960 

38 

1,064 

1,404,480 

11 

36 

59,640 

3 

1,256 

1,345,209 

14 

425 

499,500 

60 

240 

1,440,000 

14 

122 

217,820 

106 

150,000 

32 

275,000 

22 

330 

594,000 

58 

459 

1,086,400 

694 

12,267 

'  $22,390,589 

ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS.  75 

The  increase  in  the  number  and  variety  of  manufacturing  establishments 
is  known  to  be  remarkably  large  but  the  display  made  in  the  procession  of  the 
M  of  September,  was  a  great  surprise  to  the  best  informed  residents  of  St. 
Paul,  so  many  new  industries,  the  existence  of  which  was  unknows  to  them, 
tvere  presented.  In  the  following  table  the  estimate  for  1883  is  very 
conservative : 

STATISTICS  OF    MANUFACTURES. 

No.  Estab-  No.  Value  of 

vear.  lishments.  Employes.  Products. 

1870 88  985  81,611,378 

1874 „ 216  2,155  3,953,000 

1878 332  3,117  6,150.000 

1880 542  6,029  11,606,824 

1881 667  8,188  15,466,201 

1882 694  12,267  22,390,589 

1883* 725  17,000  33,000,000 

♦Estimated. 

A  large  number  of  newly  projected  enterprises  which  are  certain  to  be 
established  immediately  will  more  than  double  St.  Paul's  manufacturing 
interests. 

IRON     INTERESTS. 

The  Minnesota  Iron  Company,  capital  $10,000,000,  has  located  its  head- 

^uarters  in  St.  Paul.  The  mines  of  the  company  are  located  at  Vermillion 
<ake,  to  which  point  the  company  is  now  building  a  railway,  to  be  completed 
this  season.  The  Vermillion  Lake  ores  are  hard  hematite,  or  the  true  Bessemer 
ore.  The  quality  is  not  surpassed  by  the  best  ores  of  the  Michigan  peninsular 
district,  while  the  deposit  is  supposed  to  be  the  largest  ever  discovered.  The 
business  of  this  great  corporation  is  to  be  done  in  this  city.  The  output  from 
the  mines  will  begin  August  1, 1884.  To  quote  from  a  special  report  to  the 
St.  Paul  Chamber  of  Commerce: 

The  Minnesota  Iron  Company  will  be  a  producer  and  shipper  of  iron  ore 
in  the  summer  of  1884,  and  by  the  year  1885  will  be  a  very  large  shipper.  In 
this  connection  it  is  proper  to  state  that  recent  developments  in  the  River 
Falls  district,  Wisconsin,  have  demonstrated  the  existence  there  of  iron  ore  in 
large  quantities,  which  is  directly  tributary  to  the  city  of  St.  Paul.  This  ore 
can  be  produced  at  River  Falls,  Wis.,  and  laid  down  in  the  city  of  St.  Paul  at 
a  very  low  price.  It  is  a  class  of  ore  eminently  fitted  and  adapted  to  be  run 
in  a  furnace  in  connection  with  the  ores  from  the  Vermillion  district,  which  are 
of  a  very  high  grade,  and  first-class  Bessemer  ores.  There  is  no  reason  why, 
with  the  opening  up  of  the  River  Falls,  iron  works  should  not  be  constructed 
at  St.  Paul  for  the  manufacture  of  Bessemer  steel  rails  and  merchant  iron. 

The  St.  Paul  Foundry  Company,  which  has  a  capital  of  over  $1,000,000, 
has  just  completed  an  immense  new  foundry  having  a  capacity  of  sixty  car 
wheels  and  fifty  tons  of  other  castings  daily.  It  will  employ  over  300  men  and 
is  by  far  the  largest  establishment  of  the  kind  west  of  Chicago.  Its  equip- 
ment will  be  of  the  most  perfect  character. 


76 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


%   cWr)!^] 


93' 


^HE  banking  capital  of  the  St.  Paul  National  banks  in  1882  was  $2,200,000. 
To-day  the  capital  of  the  National  banks  in  the  city  amounts  to  $5,570,431 ; 
and  this  sum  exceeds  by  $1;402,979  the  combined  capital  and  surplus  of 

ALL  OTHER  NATIONAL  BANKS  IN  THE  ENTIRE  STATE  OF  MINNESOTA.     The  Capital 

of  the  State  banks  in  St.  Paul  is  $700,000,  making  a  grand  total,-  for  both  State  and 
National  banks  in  this  city,  of  $6,270,431.  This  latter  sum  is  nearly  $500,000  in 
excess  of  the  combined  State  and  National  banking  capital  of  all  the  banks  in 
Minnesota  outside  of  St.  Paul;  a  showing  which  not  only  ranks  this  city  as  the 
financial  center  of  the  Northwest,  but  as  one  of  the  leading  monetary  centers 
of  the  country.  The  annual  official  reports  of  the  various  St.  Paul  banks 
indicate  that  all  of  them  are  in  a  sound  and  flourishing  condition. 

The  capital  of  our  national  banks,  which  was  $2,200,000  in  1882,  has  been 
increased  to  $4,700,000,  with  a  surplus  of  $870,431,  making  an  aggregate  of 
$5,570,431.  This  exceeds  by  §1,402,979  the  capital  stock  and  surplus  of  all  the 
ether  national  banks  of  the  State  of  Minnesota,  as  appears  by  the  report  of  the  comp- 
troller of  the  currency  for  1882,  a  table  of  which,  with  the  capital  stock  and 
surplus  of  each  bank,  is  here  added  : 

First  National  Bank  of  Austin,  capital $50,000  00 

Surplus 10,000  00 

First  National  Bank  of  Brainerd,  capital 50,000  00 

Surplus te 4,000  00 

First  National  Bank  of  Crookston,  capital 50,000  0'; 

Surplus 2,025  22 

Duluth  National  Bank,  capital 50,000  00 

First  National  Bank  of  Faribault,  capital 50,000  00 

Surplus 10,000  00 

Citizens  National  Bank  of  Faribault,  capital : 80,000  00 

Surplus 11,000  03 

First  National  Bank  of  Fergus  Falls,  capital 75,000  00 

Surplus 10,000  00 

Fergus  Falls  National  Bank,  capital 60,000  00 

Surplus 25,000  00 

First  National  Bank  of  Glencoe,  capital 50,000  00 

Surplus 300  00 

First  National  Bank  of  Hastings,  capital 100,000  00 

Surplus , 34.000  00 

First  National  Bank  of  Kasson,  capital 50,000  00 

Surplus 16,000  00 

First  National  Bank  of  Lake  City,  capital 50,000  00 

Surplus 16,000  00 

First  National  Bank  of  Mankato,  capital 76,000  00 

Surplus 177  48 

Citizens  National  Bank  of  Mankato,  capital 75,000  00 

Surplus r , 10,000  00 

First  National  Bank  of  Minneapolis,  capital 600,000  00 

Surplus 65,000  00 

Northwestern  National  Bank  of  Minneapolis,  capital 1,000,000  00 

Surplus 50,000  00 

First  National  Bank  of  Moorhead,  capital 60,000  00 

Surplus 7,900  00 

Citizens  National  Bank  of  New  Ulm,  capital 50,000  00 

Surplus 5.000  00 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


::__ 


aiANNHEIMER  BROS.  BLOCK,  CORNER  THIRD   AND   MINNESOTA   STREETS. 
•       Is  76x150  feet,  five  stories,  built  of  blue  sandstone,  witb  brick  annex  50x100  feet,  three  stories 
nigh,  for  dress  and  cloak  making.    Retail  dry  goods  business  and  large  direct  importers  of  choice 
goods.    Employ  altogether  200  people. 


78 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


First  National  Bank  of  Northfield,  capital 50,000  00 

Surplus        16,000  00 

First  National  Bank  of  Owatonna,  capital 60,000  00 

Surplus 12,000  00 

Farmers  National  Bank  of  Owatonna,  capital 60,000  00 

Surplus 7,000  00 

First  National  Bank  of  Red  Wing,  capital 100,000  00 

Surplus 20,000  00 

First  National  Bank  of  Rochester,  capital 100,000  00 

Surplus 32,000  00 

Rochester  National  Bank,  capital 50,000  00 

Surplus 23,000  00 

Union  National  Bank  of  Rochester,  capital ..  50,000  00 

Surplus 10,000  00 

First  National  Bank  of  St.  Peter,  capital 50,000  00 

Surplus 10,000  00 

First  National  Bank  of  Stillwater,  capital 250,000  00 

Surplus 50,000  00 

Lumberman's  National  Bank  of  Stillwater,  capital 250,000  00 

Surplus 50,000  00 

First  National  Bank  of  Winona,  capital 50,000  00 

Surplus : 10,000  00 

Second  National  Bank  of  Winona,  capital 100,000  00 

Surplus 26,000  00 


S4, 167,452  71 
VOLUME  OP  BUSINESS. 

The  volume  of  business  of  St.  Paul  banks  establishes  the  city's  claim  to  the 
position  of  financial  center  of  the  Northwest.  The  increase  in  business  during 
1882  over  1881  is  in  proportion  to  the  advancement  in  all  other  classes  of  St. 
Paul's  trade  and  traffic.  To  arrive  at  the  exact  volume  of  business  transacted 
in  1882,  recourse  is  had  to  the  official  figures,  which  show : 

Deposits $10,600,254 

Loans 14,001,675 

Volume  exchange 91,577,450 

Total $116,179,379 

By  comparing  the  above  with  the  official  figures  of  the  preceding  year, 
1881,  if  is  found  that  the  loans  increased  $3,669,675,  and  that  the  volume 
of  exchange  for  1882  surpassed  that  of  1881  by  $21,777,450.  To  arrive  at  a 
total  volume  of  banking  business,  many  cities,  in  making  reports,  double  the 
sum  of  ceposits,  loans  and  exchange,  considering  that  a  fair  estimate  of  actual 
transactions.  If  the  same  rule  was  adopted  by  St.  Paul,  the  volume  of 
laanking  business  would  appear  to  be  $232,358,758. 

NEW  BANK  BUILDINGS. 

The  German- American  National  bank,  with  a  capital  of  $2,000,000,  is  now 
erecting  one  of  the  largest  and  most  costly  banking  buildings  in  the  West. 
It  is  located  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Fourth  and  Eobert  Streets,  and  will 
have  a  combined  frontage  of  250  feet.  The  structure  will  be  raised  five  stories 
above  the  basement,  and  will  cost  between  $150,000  and  $200,000.  It  is 
the  intention  of  the  builders  to  make  the  edifice  one  of  the  finest  yet  built  in 
the  Northwest. 

The  First  National  bank,  capital  $1,000,000,  is  building  a  very  fine  banking 
house  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets.  Its  combined 
frontage  is  140  feet,  and  it  will  be  four  high  stories  above  the  basement.  It 
is  the  most  solidly  constructed  structure  in  the  city,  and  will  cost  between 
$90,000  and  $110,000.  The  Capital  Bank  will  erect  early  in  1884— a  magnificent 
five-story  building  on  Jackson  street,  between  Third  and  Fourth  Streets. 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


79 


.:::::::»:::::::::::::i=i:;";===ii:^    : 


DRAKE'S  BLOCK,  EAST  THIRD  STREET,  BETWEEN  SIBLEY  AND  JACKSON. 

An  elegant  structure  of  red  brick  with  trimmings  of  terra  cotta  and  brown  stone.  Is  75x150 
feet,  has  four  stories  above  two  high  basements.  Is  occupied  as  offices  and  contains  the  most 
•legant  restaurant  west  of  New  York.    The  block  yields  an  annual  income  of  about  $20,000. 


Jcyuild.1 


nq  •  ctrjd  •  lirjppQverrjerjt* 


I T.  PAUL'S  most  marvelous  development  at  the  present  time — excepting 
only  the  improvements  by  railways — is  in  the  upbuilding  of  its  business 
center.  No  other  city  in  America  can  present  more  substantial  evidence 
of  commercial  prosperity,  as  is  evinced  in  the  erection  of  new  business 
houses,  than  may  be  found  within  an  area  of  six  blocks  east  and  west,  or 
from  Wacouta  Stieet  to  Wabasha,  and  four  blocks  north  and  south,  or  from  Third 
to  Seventh.  Within  this  area  there  are  now  building,  projected  for  immediate 
work,  or  completed  this  season,  over  $4,000,000  worth  of  business  or  public 


So 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


blocks  exclusive  of  the  value  of  their  sites.  Eemarkable  as  is  the  upbuilding  in 
the  district  mentioned,  it  is  not  more  notable,  by  comparison,  than  that  of  other 
sections  which  are  developing  into  exclusively  business  centers.  The  entire 
reach  of  Seventh  Street,  a  distance  of  six  miles,  is  rapidly  becoming  an 
unbroken  line  of  retail  houses.  Not  less  than  forty-eight  new  brick  stores  are 
now  being  built  on  this  thoroughfare  west  of  the  Seven  Corners — in  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  which  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars  is  now 
going  into  new  business  houses — while  east  of  the  Phalen  Creek  bridge  to  the 
Harvester  Works,  new  stores  or  shops  are  being  build  on  more  than  one-half 
the  blocks  for  the  entire  distance.  Business  Houses  are  also  extending  out 
Mississippi  and  Rice  Streets — the  main  thoroughfares  leading  out  of  the  city  to 
the  North — and  Dakota  Avenue  on  the  West  side,  bears  the  same  relation  to 
the  thriving  portion  of  the  city  on  the  other  side  of  the  river.  There  are  over 
.200  distinct  business  houses  represented  in  the  present  upbuilding  in  brick  or 
stone  blocks — mostly  brick — and  to  specify  any  but  the  more  prominent  would 
obviously  require  too  much  space.  The  more  important  now  building,  or 
upon  which  actual  work  in  the  way  of  perfecting  plans,  etc.,  is  progressing, 
are : — 


BUILDING. 


Hotel  Ryan I » 

Merchants  hotel  improvement 

Syndicate  block,  Sixth  street 

Grand  Opera  House  and  club  house 

Chamber  of  Commerce 

German -American  bank — 

First  National  bank 

Capital  bank 

Hale's  block,  Jackson  street 

Davidson  block,  Fourth  street 

Ryan  block,  corner  Third  and  Wacouta  streets. 

Thompson  block  Third  street 

Shepard  block,  Third  street 

Pomroy  block,  Fifth  street 

Warehouses,  Third  street 

Arcade  block 

County  Building 

Kittson  and  McKinney  blocks,   Wabasha  street. 

Faber  &  Gilfillan  block.  Seventh  street 

Forepaugh  block,  Seventh  street 

High  school 

Watson  &  Rice,  Fifth  and  Jackson 

Kelly  &  Lyndeke  block 

Drake  block,  on  Fourth  street .. , 

Government  Building  on  Robert  street 

Noyes  Bros.  &  Cutler,  Fifth  street 

Burris  block,  Third  and  Oak  streets 

Knauft  block,  Seventh,  corner  Pine  street 

D.  A.  Robertson,  Seventh  street 

P.  Herzog,  St.  Peter  street 

C  M.  Dittman,  Minnesota  street 

George  Benz  block,  Third  street , 

M.  Sheire,  Robert  street,  corner  Tenth 

Herman  Gr«ve,  Fort  street 

Dawson  &  Smith,  Fort  street 

Gross  &  Justice  block,  Seventh  street 


Total., 


Street 

frontage. 

Value  of 

feet. 

Building. 

800 

81,000,000 

30,000 

150 

750,000 

100 

265,000 

200 

100,000 

250 

150,000 

150 

100,000 

40 

80,000 

250 

250,000 

230 

150,000 

250 

100,000 

65 

75,000 

50 

30,000 

50 

30,000 

300 

75,000 

500 

250,000 

300,000 

120 

120,000 

200 

60,000 

180 

40,000 



125,000 

75 

25,000 

100 

150,000 

100 

200,000 

150 

100,000 

300 

175,000 

250 

60,000 

200 

75,000 

180 

40,000 

130 

25,000 

50 

25,000 

100 

25,000 

190 

25,000 

120 

25,000 

80 

25,000 

180 

35,000 

6,090 

$5,090,000 

The  figures  given  on  prominent  brick  business  blocks  alone  thus 
show  a  total  of  over  $5,000,000  valuation  and  6,059  feet  frontage,  or  over  one 
mile.  Of  othei  brick  or  stone  business  blocks  in  process  of  erection  and  not 
listed,  but  which  have  appeared  in  former  issues  of  the  Pioneer  Press,  a  careful 
estimate  of  cost  is  $635,000. 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


Si 


m 


■^m 


FIRST  NATIONAL  BANK,  CORNER  OF  JACKSON  AND  FOURTH  STREETS. 

A  building  of  great  architectural  beauty  and  immense  solidity.  Has  frontage  of  140  feet  on 
Jackson  and  Fourth  Streets,  and  four  stories  above  a  high  basement.  Is  built  of  red  pressed  brick 
with  ornate  trimmings  of  terra  cotta  and  pink  stone.  The  propeity  of  the  First  National  Bank  an 
institution  of  great  wealth  and  influence- 


FRAME  STORES  AND  RESIDENCES. 


The  latest  actual  enumeration  of  frame  business  houses  gave  the  number 
145,  valued  at  $435,000.  The  last  official  enumeration  of  residences  made  by 
the  Pioneer  Press  was  for  the  sfive  months  ended  May  31.  Up  to  that  time 
there  were  built  since  January  1,  or  then  in  process  of  erection,  1,568  dwell- 
ings, valued  at  $1,967,100.  Of  public  buildings  there  were  at  the  same  time 
in  process  of  erection  twenty-two,  valued  at  $1,535,250. 


inp 


BUILDINGS. 

Brick  business... 

Public 

Frame  business... 
Dwellings 


TABULATED    STATEMENT. 


No. 

■200 

22 

145 

1,568* 


Frontage, 
feet. 
9,000 


.-.no 


Total 1,935 

Amount  expended   in  1882  on   unfinished  buildings. 


12,500 


Total. 


*None  enumerated  that  have  been  begun  since  June  1,  1883. 


Value. 

55,645,000 

1,535,250 

435,000 

1,967,100 

89,582,350 
1,000,000 

810,582,350 


82  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD, 


ESTIMATES. 

As  before  stated,  the  above-enumerated  dwellings  only  include  those  built 
or  in  process  of  construction  up  to  June  1.  Judging  from  the  subsequent 
building,  and  from  the  number  reported  by  architects  as  projected,  it  is 
estimated  that  the  year  1883  will  add  very  nearly  4,000  structures  to  the 
up-building  of  St.  Paul,  and  that  the  money  valuation  will  exceed  $10,500,000. 

bradsteeet's  report 

for  the  week  ended  October  6,  is  devoted  largely  to  statistics  which  show  the 
amount  of  building  done  in  leading  American  cities  during  the  past  few  years 
and  for  eight  months  of  1883.  The  figures  are  compiled  and  presented  by  so 
reliable  a  commercial  agency  that  there  is  no  occasion  to  question  their 
accuracy,  and  in  them  St.  Paul  has  reason  to  feel  special  pride.  Indeed,  if 
St.  Paul  was  given  to  boasting,  this  would  be  the  one  grand  occasion,  for  the 
report  proves  that  this  city  has  advanced  within  two  years  from  a  point  (in 
amount  of  building  done  yearly)  not  worth  quoting  in  the  Bradstreet  list — that 
is,  it  was  not  reported  iii  1881— to  fourth  place  among  the  great  cities  of  tbe 
continent,  New  York,  Chicago  and  Cincinnati  alone  leading. 

WHAT  THE  FIGURES  SHOW. 

Bradstreet  says:  The  order  in  which  the  cities  ranked  (so  far  as  reported) 
during  eight  months  in  1883,  based  on  the  gross  amounts  expended  by  each 
m  building,  is  shown  as  follows: 

Chicago $12,780,000 

Cincinnati 11,000,000 

■t.  Paul 9,580,000 

Minneapolis 8,310,000 

Cleveland 3,750,000 

New  Orleans 3,000,000 

Denver 3,000,000 

Des  Moines 2,750,000 

Detroit 2,580,000 


Kansas  City 12,000,000 

Grand  Rapids 2,000,00i) 

Toledo 1,490,000 

Pittsburg 1,420.000 

Memphis 1,300,000 

Indianapolis 1,250,000 

Burlington 1.100,000 

Milwaukee 1,070,000 

Nashville 1,050,000 


COMPARISON  WITH  OTHER  CITIES. 

By  the  above  it  will  be  seen  that  during  the  past  eight  months  St.  Paul  has 
expended  in  new  buildings  over  three-fourths  as  much  money  as  Chicago; 
nearly  three  times  as  much  as  Cleveland ;  more  than  three  times  as  great  a 
sum  as  either  New  Orleans  or  Denver;  almost  five  times  as  much  as  Kansas 
City ;  and  over  nine  times  as  much  as  Milwaukee.  The  showing  is  certainly 
remarkable  and  must  attract  wondering  attention  wherever  Bradstreet  is  taken 
as  authority.  In  the  above  report  New  York  is  not  given,  but  in  a  separate 
column  is  placed  at  $37,207,112— thus  making  St.  Paul  the  fourth  city  m  the 
country  in  building  growth.  Inasmuch  as  it  is  now  susceptible  of  proof  that 
the  season  of  1884  will  witness  greater  building  activity— especially  in  business 
blocks— in  St.  Paul  than  the  present  season,  it  is  probable  that  this  city  will 
rank  next  to  Chicago  in  building  growth  after  the  reports  for  1884  are  compiled. 
Eecently  it  has  been  noted  in  real  estate  circles  that  capitalists  from  the  East 
seem  to  have  a  very  lively  appreciation  of  St.  Paul's  growth. 


BUILDING  in  1882. 


BUILDINGS. 

Brick  blocks , 

Frame  stores 

Public  buildings. 

Miscellaneous 

Residences 


Totals., 


No. 

Frontage. 

Valuation 

144 

7,716 

$2,520,000 

87 

2,500 

162,500 

29 

953,000 

73 

888,400 

2,178 

3,946.630 

2,511 

10,216 

58,470,500 

ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


83 


THE  RICE  &  WATSON  BLOCK,  CORNER  OF  JACKSON  AND  FIFTH  STREETS. 

An  extremely  ornate  building  of  red  brick  witb  tasteful  trimmings  of  stone  and  terra  cotta. 
The  Jackson  Street  frontage  is  30  feet  and  that  of  Fifth  street  100  feet.  It  is  a  most  suitable 
companion  to  the  First  National  Bank  building  which  occupies  the  other  Jackson  Street  corner  of 
this  block.  It  will  be  used  exclusively  for  offices,  the  firm  of  Watson  &  Rice,  real  estate  dealers, 
occupying  the  corner  basement. 


' 


*  i\e<a:l '  Osfctfe.  * 


$16,000,000  INVESTED   IN  A  YEAR. 


JHE  volume  of  real  estate  transactions  in  St.  Paul  has  been  simply  colossal 
In  1882  there  were  4,497  transfers  of  realty  recorded  in  the  office  of  the 
register  of  deeds,  representing  a  money  value  of  $9,374,842.60.  The 
number  of  transactions  in  Chicago  was  but  33  per  cent  larger  than  those 
of  St.  Paul,  while  the  city  of  Milwaukee  reported  for  1882  less  than 
$2,000,000  as  the  total  of  her  realty  transactions  for  that  year,  against  nearly 
$10,000,000  in  this  city.    The  sales  of  1882  were  more  than  double  in  number 


84 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


and  value  those  of  1881,  and  the  present  season  will  keep  up  the  ratio  by  at 
least  quadrupling  those  of  1881  in  value.  To  be  exact,  as  reference  to  the 
books  of  the  register  of  deeds  demonstrates,  the  sales  of  1882  aggregated 
$9,374,842,  while  the  transactions  of  1883  for  the  six  months  ended  June  30, 
represented  a  money  value  of  $7,992,061.  From  data  up  to  the  present  time  it 
is  certain  that  the  realty  transactions  in  St.  Paul  for  the  year  1883  will  reach 
$16,000,000. 

One  of  the  best  posted  citizens  contributes  the  following  in  regard  to 

SALES  OF  REAL  ESTATE  IX  ST.  PAUL.    • 

As  in  all  rapidly  growing  cities,  dealing  in  real  estate  has  formed  a 
considerable  part  of  the  business  of  St.  Paul  and  is  the  basis  of  the  wealth  of 
many  of  her  citizens.  Many  a  man  who  settled  in  the  village  of  St.  Paul  held 
his  home  until  the  village  expanded  into  a  city,  and  business  demanded  his 
lot  even  at  a  cost  of  many  thousands  of  dollars  and  before  he  knew  it  he  was 
wealthy.  The  adjacent  farmer  soon  found  his  acres  enveloped  and  too  often 
instead  of  comprehending  the  future — elated  at  receiving  $200,  $500  or  $1,000 
per  acre  for  what  ten  or  fifteen  or  twenty  years  ago  had  cost  him  but  five  or 
ten  dollars  per  acre,  sold  to  the  shrewder  speculator,  who  platted  and  received 
many  times  more  per  lot  than  he  had  paid  per  acre. 

Then  they  said  the  golden  opportunity  had  passed,  but  population  poured 
into  the  tributary  country,  the  city  grew,  Swellings  gave  place  again  to  stately- 
business  blocks,  garden  farms  became  town  lots  and  farms  became  garden  lots. 
Then  fortunes  were  made  and  then  the  golden  opportunity  was  thought  to 
have  surely  passed.  But  again  and  again  the  process  went  on  and  will  go  on, 
the  city's  population  swelling,  values  of  property  advancing,  wealth  increasing 
and  business  expanding  as  long  as  our  sister  states  and  European  nations  pour 
their  surplus  population  into  the  wonderfully  productive  and  limitless  region 
tributary  to  St.  Paul. 

A  glance  backward  at  a  few  of  the  changes  in  value  may  be  of  interest  to 
both  old  settler  and  new  comer,  and  those  contemplating  casting  their  fortunes 
with  us,  may  learn  by  the  light  of  these  transactions.  The  eighty  acres  lying 
north  of  Eighth  and  east  of  Jackson  streets,  was  entered  at  $1.25  per  acre,  sold 
to  B.  F.  Hoyt  at  $10  per  acre,  subdivided  by  him  into  acre  lots  and  among  others 
was  one  acre  sold  for  $350  to  Dr.  Borup  who  sold  to  Horace  Thompson  for 
$40,000.  Another  acre  to  Oakes  at  $350— who  sold  to  Shaw  at  $40,000  and  he 
to  Dawson  at  $70,000,    It  is  worth  now  $150,000. 

Borup  &  Oakes  sold  to  J.  E.  Warren  fifty  lots  at  $10  each  in  Kittson's 
Addition,  the  last  of  which  Warren  has  recently  sold  at  $10,000  to  $20,000  each. 
These  were  swamp  lots  then,  into  which  you  could  thrust  a  pole  fifteen  to 
twenty  feet. 

In  1867  H.  S.  Fairchild  bought  a  lot  for  $100,  which  he  sold  a  few  years 
later  for  $1,500  to  W.  Dawson,  who  sold  last  year  for  $6,500;  it  is  now  worth 
$10,000. 

In  1868  John  Wann  bought  seventv  feet  by  three  hundred  at  the  corners 
of  Fourth  and  Sibley  and  Fifth  and  Sibley  for  $2,000  and  holds  it  yet,  worth 
$150,000  without  buildings. 

In  1854,  forty  acres  in  the  flats  was  bought  by  Dayton  for  $50;  now  worth 
millions  of  dollars.  About  1865  R.  and  J.  M.  Warner  sold  scores  of  lots  for  the 
Chouteaus  in  Kittson's  Addition  for  $100  to  $250,  now  worth  $8,000  to  $15,000 
each.  In  1868  H.  S.  Fairchild  sold  for  Ira  Bidwell  at  auction  hundreds  of  lots 
in  West  St.  Paul  for  $8  to  $17  each,  now  worth  $500  to  $1,000  each. 

In  1873  Gen.  Le  Due  sold  two  lots  on  Fourth  Street,  next  north  of  N.  P. 
R.  R.  headquarters  for  $2,600— recently  sold  for  $35,000. 

In  1871  "Selby's  cornfield"  and  other  lands  west  of  the  city  were  bought 
at  $250  to  $400  per  acre  and  platted  into  Terrace  Park,  Woodland  Park  and 
Summit  Park  and  are  now  sold  in  lots  at  $1,000   to  $5,000 — and  hundreds  of 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


85 


PROPOSED  CHAMBER  OFiCOMMERCE  BUILDING. 


pe 


them  are  covered  with  costly  and  elegent  residences  costing  from  $10,000  to 
$100,000  each. 

In  1878  H.  S.  Fairchild  and  A.  B.  Cruikshank  bought  160  acres  near  the 
Harvester  Works  for  $20  per  acre  which  they  are  now  selling  for  $500  to  $1,200 
per  acre. 

Five  years  ago  twenty-six  acres  four  miles  from  the  city  were  sold  for  $50 
r  acre — sold  last  year  for  $1,200  per  acre. 

Mrs.  Senator  Ramsey  bought  land  west  of  the  city  at  $15  per  acre  for 
which  she  has  been  offered  $1,200  per  acre  and  wisely  refused  it.    Lots  on 


86  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

Dayton's  Bluff  that  sold  four  years  ago  for  $300  now  sell  for  $1,200.  C.  E. 
Dickerman  bought  north  half  of  block  forty-nine  of  Lyman  Dayton's  Addition 
for  $2,500  and  sold  in  a  year  to  D.  S.  B.  Johnston  for  $6,500.  It  is  now  worth 
$16,000. 

In  1871  Fairchild  sold  scores  of  lots  for  James  Stinson  in  Stinson'&Addition 
for  $135  to  $150  each,  now  worth  $1,200  to  $1,500. 

Lots  on  Fourth  Street  between  Jackson  and  Rosabel  that  sold  for  $5,000 
and  $6,000,  three  years  ago  are  now  worth  $25,000  to  $30,000  each. 

Three  years  ago  Gov.  Marshall  sold  E.  T.  Skidmore  a  lot  for  $4,300  on 
Minnesota  Street,  recently  sold  for  $12,500.  M.  Auerbach  three  years  ago 
bought  sixty  acres  for  $200  per  acre  (north  of  elevator  B) — now  selling  for 
$1,200  to  $1,500  per  acre.  § 

Five  years  ago  Fairchild  sold  to  C.  E.  Dickerman  the  corner  of  Summit 
and  Nina  Avenues  for  $40  per  front  foot  and  the  lots  next  north  to  Saunders 
for  $35  per  foot,  worth  now  $150  per  front  foot.  E.  F.  Drake  bought  the 
east  side  of  Rice  Street,  north  of  railroad,  a  few  years  ago  for  $200  per  acre — 
now  selling  for  $700  to  $800  per  lot. 

These  are  instances  selected  to  represent  all  parts  of  the  city  and  its 
surroundings.  Prices  have  only  advanced  with  actual  values.  Surrounding 
improvements  made,  and  the  general  unparalleled  growth  of  the  city  were  the 
bases  of  appreciation. 

Hamlin  University  advanced  values  tenfold,  so  did  the  stock  yards  and 
transfer  yards.  So  of  Macalester  College;  Northern  Pacific  purchases;  location 
of  new  foundry;  extension  of  Street  Railway  on  St.  Anthony  Hill;  location  of 
St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Railroad  shops;  extension  of  Fort  Street  Railroad.  So 
will  the  extension  of  Street  Railway  on  Dayton's  Bluff;  so  has  location  of 
Harvester  Works  and  Plow  Works;  so  will  location  of  St.  Paul  &  Duluth  shops; 
so  will  the  establisnment  of  Iron  Industries;  so  will  a  hundred  and  one 
things  that  come  with  the  growth  of  a  city;  so  most  of  all  the  vast  increase  of 
our  wholesale  trade  only  yet  in  its  infancy  but  destined  to  make  St.  Paul  one 
of  the  very  largest  citieson  this  continent. 

Sam  Deering's  little  dairy  farm  of  sixty-five  acres  is  now  worth  $100,000; 
Brimhall's  eighty^  acre  nursery,  which  he  couldn't  sell  for  $25  per  acre  before 
he  moved  on  it,  is  now  worth  $1,000  or  more  per  acre.  Robert  McMenenny's 
little  garden  farm  that  under  the  writer's  advice  he  bought  for  $50  per  acre  is 
now  worth  $2,000  per  acre,  and  I  have  in  my  mind's  eye  now  scores  of  poor 
fellows  that  will  be  raised  to  wealth  before  they  know  it;  and  of  acres  near 
the  city  that  can't  be  sold  to-day  for  $100  per  acre  that  in  lots  will,  before  ten 
years  bring  thousands  of  dollars  per  acre.  Business  will  drive  all  the  valley 
population  on  to  the  hills,  and  these  and  the  incoming  100,000  people  of  the 
next  eight  or  ten  years  will  spread  to  Hamline  and  Macalester  colleges,  to  Lakes 
Como  and  Phalen.  Seventh  Street  to  the  Harvester  Works  will  be  covered 
with  three  and  four  story  brick  blocks,  so  will  Maria  Avenue.  Dayton  and 
Western  Avenues  will  change  from  residence  to  business  streets,  so  will  Rice 
and  University,  the  latter  in  the  remote  future  to  be  one  of  the  great  business 
arteries  of  the  city. 

From  Broadway  to  Fort  Street,  and  from  the  River  to  the  hill — every  foot 
will  be  required  for  business  and  must  be  compactly  built  to  answer  the 
demands  of  trade  in  ten  or  fifteen  years,  and  much  property  in  this  territory, 
now  worth  $100,  $200  or  $300  per  front  foot,  will  be  worth  $1,000  to  $2,000  per 
front  foot  and  meantime  can  be  made  to  pay  a  rental  of  10  per  cent,  per  year. 

Lay  this  aside  ten  years  and  then  look  over  it  again  and  see  if  I  have 
erred. 

INCREASE  IN   VALUES. 

With  so  great  a  growth  as  has  been  achieved  by  St.  Paul  within  the  past 
three  years,  there  would  naturally  follow  a  material  advance  in  realty  values, 
yet  it  is  held  that  the  increase  in  prices  is  not  really  in  proportion  to  the 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


87 


MERCHANTS   HOTEL,  CORNER  OF  THIRD   AND  JACKSON  STREETS. 


jgrowth  of  population  and  improvements.  First-class  business  locations  om 
principal  streets  range  in  value  from  $125  to  $500  per  front  foot,  against  double 
<ir  treble  these  sums  for  property  similarly  situated  in  lesser  towns  like  Kansas 
City,  Denver,  Indianapolis,  etc.  Choice  residence  lots  in  the  best  localities 
imay  yet  be  had  at  from  $20  to  $60  per  front  foot  of  lots  ranging  from  125  to 
250  feet  deep.  Fortunes  have  been  made  in  realty  transactions  during  the  past 
three  years;  for  up  to  1880,  St.  Paul  realty  was  a  drug  on  the  market,  and  still 
greater  fortunes  await  those  who  now  invest  in  our  great  and  growing 
metropolis. 


88  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


f{ 


elier ious,  •  OcaucecfiorjGa  •  ctrjd.  •  ©©cigu.  * 


^EW  cities  in  the  world  have  more. reason  to  be  prond  of  their  religious, 
educational  and  social  standing  than  does  our  young  metropolis.  It  is 
noted  as  being  remarkably  well  governed,  and  its  police  records  show  a 
much  less  degree  of  crime  than  that  of  any  other  city  of  its  size  in  the 
country.  With  the  most  perfect  and  complete  laws  and  ordinances 
faithfully  enforced,  and  a  government  selected  from  the  best  classes,  the  order 
and  system  that  prevails  is  a  source  of  gratification  to  its  citizens  and  a  surprise 
to  strangers.  All  obnoxious  occupations,  depending  upon  gambling  and  kindred 
vices,  are  strictly  prohibited,  and  the  city  is  under  the  most  efficient  and 
thorough  police  surveillance. 

CHURCHES. 

There  are  sixty-two  churches  in  St.  Paul,  as  follows  : 

Baptist 6   I   Episcopal S 

Catholic 9  Hebrew 2 

Evangelical 8  Methodist 12 

Lutheran 9  Swedenborgian , 1 

Presbyterian 6  United  Evangelical 1 

Unitarian 1  .  — 

Congregational 4  Total 62 

Among  the  pastors  there  are  many  of  the  brightest  minds  in  the  country, 
and  the  Sunday  schools  are  very  largely  attended  and  effectively  conducted. 
The  bishop  and  coadjutor  bishop  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  are  located 
kere  and  the  cathedral  congregation  is  one  of  the  largest  in  America. 

PUBLIC  SCHOOLS. 

Nothing  reflects  more  credit  on  the  citizens  of  St.  Paul  than  does  the  system 
of  public  schools.  For  years  the  city  has  borne  a  high  reputation  for  the 
excellence  of  this  department  of  social  economy.  The  population  is  largely 
composed  of  cultured  and  substantial  people  from  the  large  cities  of  the  East 
and  from  Europe,  and  they  have  brought  with  them  their  appreciation  of  the 
value  and  need  of  the  best  educational  advantages.  The  system  is  as  near  per- 
fection as  is  possible,  and  the  organization  is  thorough  and  complete. 

Up  to  two  years  ago  St.  Paul,  after  investing  many  thousands  of  dollars  in 
fine  school  buildings,  had  ample  public  school  accommodations.  Since  that 
time,  although  1882  and  1883  (thus  far)  have  witnessed  the  erection  of  a 
$125,000  high  school  building  and  several  costly  grade  school  buildings— ranging 
in  value  from  $15,000  to  $25,000 — it  is  now  discovered  that  every  school  is  over- 
crowded; and  just  what  will  be  required  in  the  way  of  new  buildings  next 
season  it  is  now  difficult  to  determine.  One  illustration  will  suffice  to  indicate 
the  increase  of  the  demands  upon  school  facilities:  Two  years  ago,  when  the 
Dayton's  bluff  school  house  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  about  $25,000,  the  school 
commissioner  for  that  district  estimated  that  the  building  was  large  enough  to 
accommodate  all  possible  demands. upon  it  for  at  least  five  years.  Much  to 
everybody's  surprise,  the  great  building  was  not  only  completely  filled  with 
scholars  last  year,  but  this  spring  a  new  structure,  costing  $15,000,  had  to  be 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


89 


—  HHJffif^  HMHW"  ^rTrfVMtilrlM^  iMrfHrWWf  — 


YOUNG,  STREISSGUTH  8c  DRAKE 


YOUNG,  STREISSGUTH  &  DRAKE,  FOURTH  STREET. 

The  block  occupied  by  this  extensive  hat,  cap  and  fur  firm  is  100x50  feet,  is  fir  stories  above 
the  basement,  is  fire  proof  and  is  built  of  red  brick  with  stone  trimmings.  The  block  which  contains 
two  stores,  of  equal  size,  the  other  occupied  by  Mayo  &  Clark,  wholesale  hardware  dealers,  is  owned 
by  Mr.  C.  D.  Gilfillan. 


built;  and  yet  the  two  edifices  can  barely  accommodate  the  scholars  now  seek- 
ing admission.  For  two  years  St.  Paul  has  been  spending  annually  over 
$100,000  in  new  school  buildings;  and  the  sum  at  least  will  be  an  ordinary 
expenditure  for  years  to  come.  There  are  now  seventeen  public  school  build- 
ings in  St.  Paul,  all  ot  them  of  the  finest  class  of  that  kind  of  architecture. 
The  valuations  of  buildings  and  sites  are  here  given: 


9° 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


School.  Value. 

River 89,000 

Van  Buren 35,000 

Webster 19,000 

Washington... 22,000 

Harrison 4,500 

Garfield 18,000 

Adams 13,000 

Total $505,100 


School  Value. 

High  School 8135,000 

Franklin 60,000 

Humboldt 9,000 

Jefferson 45,000 

Jackson 13,000 

Lincoln 36,000 

Madison 50,000 

Monroe 15,000 

Neill , 15,000 

Hice 5,000 

There  are  now  building  a  new  edifice  in  Clark's  addition,  at  a  cost  of 
$12,000,  and  additions  to  the  Lincoln  and  Van  Buren  schools,  costing  $24,000. 
Next  season  at  least  three  new  buildings  will  be  required,  and  are  already 
contemplated.    The  last  enrollment  of  pupils  in  actual  attendance  was  8,750. 

PRIVATE  SCHOOLS  AND  ACADEMIES. 

Within  the  corporate  limits  of  St.  Paul  are  twenty -three  private  schools 
and  academies,  with  a  regular  attendance  of  at  least  equal  numbers  with  the 
public  schools.  Just  outside  the  city  limits  are  located  Hamline  University 
and  Macalester  College,  and  in  the  same  neighborhood  two  new  colleges,  a 
Baptist  and  Lutheran,  are  soon  to  be  located. 

THE  SOCIAL  LIFE 

of  St.  Paul  has  lost  every  trace  of  provincialism,  and  in  point  of  culture  and 
refinement  will  compare  favorably  with  that  of  far  larger  cities.  In  the  churches, 
the  schools,  the  literary  and  social  organizations,  and  also  in  politics,  the  most 
advanced  and  meritorious  ideas  and  principles  form  the  foundation,  and  the  laws, 
political  and  social,  are  administered  with  rare  discretion,  judgment  and  grace. 
The  business  community  consists  of  young,  active  men,  who  have  mostly  been 
schooled  in  mercantile  pursuits  in  the  Eastern  States,  but  who  find  here  oppor- 
tunities for  expansion  and  development  not  offered  in  their  old  homes.  With 
a  vaster  field  in  which  to  operate,  and  an  active,  energetic  class  of  men  with 
whom  to  compete  in  traffic,  their  minds  assume  a  broader  scope,  and  their 
faculties  become  sharpened  and  more  acute.  These  remarks  apply  not  only 
to  St.  Paul,  but  to  the  entire  new  Northwest,  the  same  spirit  and  attributes 
being  found  even  in  the  smallest  places.  Young  men  of  good  principles  amd 
industrious  habits  always  succeed  here— success  is  in  the  climate,  and  weaitb. 
is  in  the  soil. 


If  osf  •  yfpce  •  T^)usir)es 


s.  * 


^HE  amount  of  business  transacted  by  the  post  office  of  a  city  is  one  of 
the  best  indications  of  its  commercial  and  social  status,  and  population. 
St.  Paul  can  surely  be  proud  of  the  amount  of  her  transactions  in  this 
direction  and  also  of  tae  perfect  and  economical  manner  in  which  the 
business  is  conducted.  At  the  close  of  the  year  1882  this  city  showed 
a  larger  post  office  business  by  several  thousand  dollars  than  any  other  city  of 
its  size  in  the  United  States,  and  the  portion  of  the  gross-income  disbursed  in 
conducting  the  office  was  the  smallest  of  any,  being  but  23.35  per  cent.,  from  28 
to  30  per  cent,  being  the  usual  average.  The  gross  receipts  were  $132,702.66 
with  a  population  of  less  than  75,000.  To  the  first  of  November  this  year  the 
receipts  were  $154,693.90,  and  for  the  last  two  months  of  the  year  not  less  than 
$30,000  must  be  added  making  $184,000  for  the  twelve  months,  an  increase  of 
over  $50,000  or  about  40  per  cent.,  a  ratio  which  strictly  follows  the  increase  in 
population  and  trade. 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


>upplcir)er)fel 


;E  are  enabled  to  give  from  a  carefully  prepared  report,  published  by 
the  Pioneer  Press,  the  work  of  the  year  in  building: 

No.  1883.         Cost  1883.        No.  1882.  Cost  1882. 
Amount  expended  and  estimated 

cost  of  buildings  projected 3,480           811,938,950           2,511  $8,470,57t 

Excess  of  1883  over  18S2 3,468,360 

It  is  certain  that  1884  will  exceed  1883  in  the  amount  of  building  fully  as 
much  as  the  latter  year  has  exceeded  1882.  It  is  known  that  work  to  the 
amount  of  between  $14,000,000  and  $15,000,000  is  already  arranged  for,  and 
such  a  vast  expenditure  must  add  to  the  population  a  large  number  of  skilled 

mechanics. 

*  *  * 

During  the  first  ten  months  of  this  year, — 1883, — there  were  502  added  to 
the  business  firms  of  St.  Paul,  and  of  these  fifty-seven  were  new  manufacturing 
enterprises,  showing  that  such  concerns  naturally  gravitate  to  the  financial  and 
commercial  center.    All  are  prosperous  and  making  money  and  the  increase 

still  continues. 

*  *  * 

The  business  facilities  of  St.  Paul  haye  more  than  quadrupled  in  the  last 
three  years,  and  there  is  still  a  constant  demand  for  locations  by  new  con- 
cerns. Fourth  street  has  gained  fully  seven-eighths  of  a  mile  of  frontage  since 
1880.  Third  street  has  been  increased  by  the  addition  within  a  year  of  over 
one-third  of  a  mile  of  five  story  brick  blocks,  and  Sibley  street  has  shown  the 
same  gain  in  two  years.  Seventh  street  shows  nearly  two  miles  of  frontage 
built  since  1880,  and  other  business  streets  have  contributed  over  two  more 
miles  of  frontage  to  the  aggregate  in  the  same  time.  St.  Paul  needs  to  use  n» 
high  sounding  words  to  proclaim  her  greatness  and  importance,  as  the  most 
casual  observer  and  investigator^  can  but  be  immediately  impressed  with  and 
assured  of  her  present  and  growing  importance.  It  is  the  most  rapidly  grow- 
ing city  on  the  continent  to-day  and  it  is  not  a  matter  for  wonder  that  capital 
and  enterprise  should  flow  into  it  and  share  the  assured  prosperity. 

St.  Paul  is  well  provided  with  horse  railroads,  admirably  conducted,  and 
running  to  every  part  of  the  city.  The  system  is  being  constantly  extended 
and  in  a  short  time  motor-power  roads  will  be  built  to  make  more  available  the 
handsome  property  between  the  city  and  Lake  Como,  as  well  as  westward  over 
the  fine  avenues.  The  plateau  and  beautiful  bluffs  of  West  St.  Paul  are  rapidly 
becoming  occupied,  the  first  by  prosperous  business  houses,  and  the  latter  by 

attractive  residences. 

*  *  * 

St.  Paul  is  especially  favored  in  its  water  supply,  having  two  fine  lakes 
quite  near  the  city  which  furnish  an  almost  unlimited  quantity  of  the  purest 
water,  in  fact  amply  sufficient  for  a  city  of  quarter  of  a  million  inhabitants. 
When  the  city  grows  to  half  a  million, — as  it  undoubtedly  will  within  five 
years, — it  will  not  be  forced  to  rely  upon  the  Mississippi  river  for  a  supply  as 
too  many  of  the  river  cities  unfortunately  do.  The  water  works  are  owned  and 
operated,  by  the  city  and  hence  entirely  in  the  interests  of  the  people.  In  con- 
nection with  the  water  system  it  is  proper  to  note  the  admirable  and  efficient 
fire  department,  than  which  no  city  of  this  size  has  a  better.  It  is  a  paid 
department,  officered  by  the  most  experienced  men,  and  the  organization  is  so 
perfect  and  reliable,  that,  in  connection  with  the  unfailing  supply  of  water,  it 


92 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


has  great  influence  in  keeping  the  rates  of  insurance  much  below  the  average. 
There  are  five  of  the  most  improved  steam  fire  engines,  and  several  large 
chemical  engines.    The  city  is  thoroughly  districted,  and  has  an  efficient  fire 

alarm  system. 

*  #  * 

In  gas,  electric  light,  telephone  and  messenger  systems,  the  city  is  fully 
up  to  the  timesj  and  in  the  matters  of  sewerage,  paving  and  sidewalks  it  is  fast 
equalling  the  largest  and  oldest  cities. 

A  very  large  number  of  the  citizens  of  St.  Paul  have  extensive  investments 
outside  of  the  city  in  wheat  and  stock  farms,  notably  N.  W.  Kittson,  whose 
"Midway"  breeding  establishment  about  four  miles  from  the  city,  is  noted 
throughout  the  country;  James  J.  Hill,  president  of  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
&  Manitoba  Railway,  who  takes  pride  in  an  immense  stock  farm  near  St.  Paul; 
James  B.  Power,  land  commissioner  of  the  same  railroad,  who  has  a  beautiful 
stock  farm  in  the  valley  of  the  Sheyenne  River  in  Dakota;  Dennis  Ryan,  who 
is  building  the  great  hotel,  has  an  interest  in  a  splendid  wheat  farm  in  the 
Red  River  Valley ;  Oliver  Dalrymple,  part  owner  and  superintendent  of  the 
mammoth  wheat  farms  in  Dakota  which  have  a  world  wide  reputation.  There 
are  also  many  other  gentlemen  who  reside  in  this  city  and  conduct  great  agri- 
cultural enterprises  in  the  land  of  "Golden  Grain." 

*  *  * 

St.  Paul  is  a  notable  summer  resort,  thousands  fleeing  from  the  enervating 
heat  of  points  further  south  to  enjoy  the  delightful  and  healthful  air  of  this 
favored  locality.  There  are  many  charming  lakes  in  close  proximity  to  the 
city,  and  on  the  banks  of  these  lovely  sheets  of  water  hundreds  of  our  citizens 
have  elegant  summer  residences. 

In  the  prescribed  limits  of  this  volume  it  has  been  impossible  to  give  many 
illustrations  of  our  fine  business  blocks.  To  give  one-half  of  those  worthy  of 
presenting  would  require  a  book  of  great  bulk.  Those  given  are  simply  fair 
specimens  of  the  style  and  character  of  our  buildings,  and  are  only  intended 
to  influence  those  who  desire  to  see  what  an  enterprising  and  thrifty  community 
can  do  in  a  short  time,  to  come  and  view  the  metropolis  of  the  northwest,  the 

eastern  terminus  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway— St.  Paul. 

*  *  ■* 

The  report  of  the  city  comptroller,  presented  the  first  of  December,  shows 
t^at  the  city  of  St.  Paul  is  the  lowest  taxed  city  of  any  importance  in  the 
country,  and  this  at  a  time  when  great  public  works  are  in  progress.  It  is  ample 
evidence  that  the  city  is  wisely  go  verned%and  that  its  financial  affairs  are  handled 
in  careful  and  economical  manner,  wnile  at  the  same  time,  no  needed  im- 
provements are  neglected  or-  postponed  through  mistaken  or  parsimonious 

notions. 

*  *  * 

At  the  date  of  this  writing,  December  15th,  St.  Paul  is  enjoying  the  most 
.dautiful  weather,  the  thermometer  ranging  above  the  freezing  point  during 
nearly  every  day  thus  far  and  during  the  nights  only  failing  to  15<>  to  20<>  above 
zero.  The  bright,  cloudless  sky,  and  the  crisp,  dry  atmosphere  produce  a 
pleasure  indescribable. 

The  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  St.  Paul  is  a  thoroughly  efficient  and 
patriotic  body  of  the  most  substantial  and  representative  men  of  the  community, 
and  it  acts  in  entire  sympathy  and  accord  with  the  city  council  in  all  affairs  or 
public  interest.  The  organization  will  erect  early  in  1884  a  very  handsome, 
substantial  and  spacious  building,  a  view  of  which  will  be  found  on  page  85. 
Parties  in  any  part  of  the  world  desiring  any  information  relating  to  St.  Paul 
will  receive  prompt  replies  tocommunicationsaddressedtothe  Secretary  of  the 
Clhamber  of  Commerce. 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS. 


93 


HOTEL  RYAN,  CORNER  OF  ROBERT  AND  SIXTH  STREETS. 

This  hotel  which  is  now  in  process  of  erection,  will  be  one  of  the  most  elegant  and  spacious  in 
he  world.  The  sum  of  $1,000,000  will  be  expended  upon  it  and  nothing  will  be  spared  to  make  it 
a  credit  and  ornament  to  the  rapidly  growing  metropolis.  The  hotel  will  have  a  frontage  of  15* 
feet  on  Robert  Street  and  225  feet  on  Sixth  Street,  and  will  be  in  the  form  of  a  hollow  rectangle 
with  an  open  court  in  the  center  50x130  feet,  thus  affording  the  most  perfect  systems  of  lighting 
and  ventilating.  The  building  will  be  seven  stories  in  height  and  of  an  elaborate  style  of 
architecture,  the  modern  Gothic  having  been  adopted.  An  excellent  idea  of  the  adaptation  and 
combination  of  the  highest  types  of  mediaeval  architecture  and  modern  fancies,  can  be  gained 
from  the  accompanying  view.  The  interior  arrangements  have  received  especial  attention  and 
will  combine  every  comfort,  elegance  and  convenience  known  or  conceivable  in  edifices  of  this 
description.  Apartments  en  suite  and  single  are  conveniently  disposed  throughout  the  structure, 
and  still  the  internal  plan  is  so  simple  that  not  the  least  confusion  can  result  in  finding  the  methods 
of  ingress  and  egress.  The  main  entrance  will  be  on  Robert  street,  while  the  ladies  entrance,  with 
poric  cochere,  will  be  at  the  middle  of  the  Sixth  street  front.  Mr.  Dennis  Ryan,  who  is  building 
this  magnificent  palace,  is  one  of  St,  Paul's  most  enterprising  citizens,  and  has  just  completed 
a  block  of  great  beauty  and  cost  at  the  corner  of  Third  and  Wacouta  streets.  He  will  also  continue 
his  improvements  about  the  hotel,  further  adorning  Robert  street  and  also  Seventh  street,  witk 
elegant  blocks.  In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  hotel,  several  large  and  beautiful  blocks  will 
will  be  erected  in  1884. 


94  THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


PRESIDENT  JOHN  B.  SANBORN'S  ADDRESS, 

DELIVERED  DECEMBER  31st,  1882. 


Gentlemen  of  the  St.  Paul  Chamber  of  Commerce  : 

fHE  close  of  our  current  year  finds  the  Chamber  in  a  sound  condition 
financially,  and  with  more  power  to  do  good  and  a  broader  field  for 
action  than  ever  before. 
The  assets  over  all  liabilities  are  $11,211.86. 
In  addition  to  this,  105  perpetual  members  have  agreed  to  take  the 
bonds  of  the  Chamber  to  an  amount  not  less  than  $500  each,  whenever  it  is 
deemed  advisable  to  purchase  land  and  erect  a  suitable  building  for  ourselves 
and  the  board  of  trade ;  thus  placing  at  our  disposal  the  additional  sum  of 
$52,500,  making  the  aggregate  amount  available  $63,711.86.  Our  entire  disburse- 
ments for  all  purposes  for  the  present  year  have  been  $5,147.42.  In  this  vastly 
improved  condition  this  body  should  achieve  much  more  in  the  future  than  in 
the  past,  great  as  its  past  achievements  have  been. 

The  past  year  has  been  one  of  unusual  growth,  prosperity  and  develop- 
ment in  all  parts  of  the  country.  In  this  city  the  hopes  of  the  most  sanguine 
have  been  more  than  realized.  Our  population  has  reached  a  number  between 
ninety  and  one  hundred  thousand,  estimated  from  all  data  at  our  command. 

The  enrollment  of  the  children  for  our  schools,  which,  in  1880,  when  bv 
the  federal  census  we  had  34,000  people,  was  4,338,  now  reaches  8,750. 

The  number  of  employes  in  our  manufacturing  establishments  was.  in 
1880,  6,029;  the  number  now  employed  is  12,267. 

The  number  of  employes  in  the  wholesale  trade  in  1880  did  not  exceed 
2,000,  while  in  1882  the  number  was  4,684,  and  now  exceeds  5,000. 

The  assessed  valuation  of  property  in  the  city,  which  in  1880  was,  for  per- 
sonal property,  $8,827,753,  and  real  estate  $21,040,634,  and  in  1882  was,  for 
personal  property  $10,040,538,  and  real  estate  $30,454,499,  has  now  reached  at  a 
fair  valuation,  $60,000,000. 

The  amount  of  business  done  through  the  post  office  has  more  than 
doubled  since  1880. 

So  the  rule  may  be  applied  to  any  or  every  branch  of  business,  and  the 
same  result  is  obtained,  viz.,  that  the  same  volume  of  business  and  the  number 
of  persons  employed  in  it  has  more  than  doubled  since  the  census  of  1880. 

The  increase  in  the  wholesale  trade  of  1882  over  1881  is  $20,372,495,  for  the 
full  details  of  which  you  are  referred  to  the  annual  report  now  ready  for  dis- 
tribution. While  all  branches  of  business  show  a  wonderful  increase,  that  of  the 
wholesale  grocery  trade  is  most  striking.  From  1848  to  1881  this  trade  has 
grown  to  $6,350,000  for  the  latter  year,  but  in  the  single  year  of  1882  it  leaped 
forward  to  $13,533,000,  thus  gaining  more  in  a  single  year  than  in  the  preceding 
thirty  years.  The  lumber  trade  in  1881  had  reached  $1,348,000,  but  in  1882 
this  trade  also  sprang  forward  to  $3,439,622,  gaining  more  in  one  year  than  in 
all  our  previous  existence. 

This  vast  increase  in  the  volume  of  business  required  more  banking  capital 
and  greater  facilities  for  its  transaction,  and  the  capital  of  our  national  banks, 
which  was  $2,200,000  in  1882,  has  been  increased  to  $4,700,000,  with  a  surplus  of 
$870,431,  making,  an  aggregate  of  $5,570,431.  This  exceeds  by  $1,402,979  the 
capital  stock  and  surplus  of  all  the  other  national  banks  of  the  State  of  Minne- 
sota, as  appears  by  the  report  of  the  comptroller  of  the  currency  for  1882,  which 
shows  the  aggregate  of  capital  and  surplus  of  the  thirty  national  banks  in  the 
State,  outside  of  St.  Paul,  to  be  $4,167,452.71. 

The  capital  of  the  state  banks  in  the  city,  which  in  1881  was  $300,000,  has 
now  been  increased  to  $700,000,  making  the  aggregate  banking  capital  of  the 
city  at  this  time  $6,270,431.    There  are  in  Minnesota  24  banks,  organized  under 


ST.  PAUL,  THE  EASTERN  TERMINUS.  95 


the  state  laws,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $2,333,750,  of  which  amount  the  banks  in 
St.  Paul  have  $700,000,  which  leaves  for  other  banks  $1,633,750,  which  added  to 
the  entire  amount  of  stock  and  surplus  of  national  banks  outside  the  city, 
which  is  $4,167,452,71,  makes  $5,801  202.71,  or  $469,228  less  than  the  stock  of  the 
St.  Paul  banks.  This  amount  would  seem  sufficient  to  transact  all  legitimate 
business  upon  safe  and  prudent  business  principles. 

For  a  city  with  so  much  business  and  capital  it  must  be  said  that  our  public 
improvements,  though  great  and  many,  in  proportion  to  our  growth,  progress 
slowly.  Yet  great  progress  has  been  and  is  being  made.  Sewerage  has  been 
provided  for  all  the  more  thickly  settled  portions  of  the  city ;  a  system  of  water- 
works lias  been  projected  and  adopted  that  now  supplies  large  portions  of  the 
city  with  water,  and  will  soon  supply  all  portions;  street  paving  is  progressing 
rapidly,  and  stone  sidewalks  have  been  adopted  by  some  property  holders, 
and  ordered  upon  all  streets  where  large  business  is  transacted.  A  large,  well 
constructed  market  hall,  an  elegant  high  school  building^ and  a  house  of  cor- 
rection have  been  built,  and  provision  made  for  the  erection  of  a  court  house 
and  city  hall  commensurate  with  the  future  greatness  of  the  city.  With  all 
these  expenditures  taxes  have  been  kept  at^,  moderate  rate,  and  the  public 
iebt  has  not  reached  3  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  property  subject  to  taxation. 

The  early  reputation  of  our  climate  for  salubrity  is  sustained  by  all  correct 
nital  statistics,  and  our  city  has  been  perfectly  free  from  all  epidemics  and  ex- 
traordinary diseases  during  the  whole  period  of  its  existence. 

There  seems  to  be  but  little  just  now  in  this  city  requiring  the  immediate 
special  attention  of  this  body.  A  new  state  capitol  building  has  been  com- 
pleted— the  erection  of  a  new  court  house  and  city  hall  has  been  provided  for — 
a  new  and  in  all  respects  first-class  opera  house  will  soon  be  completed — a  new 
kotel,  equal  in  all  respects  to  the  best  anywhere,  fully  planned,  and  arrange- 
ments made  for  its  completion  by  the  time  that  the  traveling  classes  will 
commence  to  make  their  trips  to  witness  the  great  natural  wonders  gf  the 
Yellowstone  Park,  means  provided  to  erect  a  Chamber  of  Commerce  building 
when  you  shall  consider  the  time  opportune,  the  improvements  of  streets, 
sidewalks  and  parks,  going  forward  as  fast  as  the  public  requirements  demand 
wpon  economical  basis  and  sound  principles,  the  commercial  supremacy  of  the 
«ity  secured,  a  railway  system  fully  developed  and  in  operation,  all  having  their 
keadquarter  buildings  in  this  city,  that  recognizes  all  our  rights  and  claims, 
including  the  headquarter  buildings  of  the  Manitoba,  Northern  Pacific,  Omaha 
and  Duluth  companies,  connecting  us  by  through  trains  with  the  commercial 
•ties  of  all  the  adjoining  states  and  territories,  with  the  lake  ports  of  our  great 
inland  sea  and  the  shores  of  the  two  oceans;  with  a  system  of  common  schools 
unsurpassed,  where  the  increasing  numbers  of  our  children  may  be  early  and 
properly  educated;  with  an  abundance  of  church  edifices  to  meet  the  demands 
ef  every  sect  and  creed,  it  would  seem  that  some  of  us,  who  have  been  long  in 
the  harness,  might  be  withdrawn  and  take  a  desired,  if  not  a  needed  rest. 

The  future  of  the  city  is  assured.  The  dream  of  its  early  founders  is 
already  more  than  realized,  while  the  future  is  brighter  with  promise  than  ever 
before.  ^  We  find  ourselves  as  if  by  magic  placed  on  the  most  expeditious  and 
economical  line  of  transportation  of  that  commerce  that  has  built  up  all  the 

treat  commercial  cities  of  ancient  and  modern  times;  that  commerce  which 
uilt  up  the  pre-historic  cities  of  Troy  and  Smyrna,  from  which  rose  to  famous 
commerce,  wealth  and  power  Mnevah  on  the  Tigris,  or  Babylon  of  fabulous 
riches  and  splendor  on  the  Euphrates,  which  has  many  times  restored  Smyrna 
from  desolation,  built  Rome,  and  for  three  centuries  has  poured  its  gems  and 
gold,  its  merchandise  and  wealth  into  the  lap  of  London,  and  made  her  the 
greatest  of  modern  commercial  cities.  By  the  completion  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  we  are  brought  nearer  in  point  of  time  for,  and  expense  of  transporta- 
tion tc,  the  products  and  commerce  of  Japan,  China  and  the  eastern  portion 
of  the  Indies  than  was  Ninevah,  Babylon  or  Smyrna  in  the  days  of  their  glory 
and  power.    If  our  statesmen  can  devise  some  plan  whereby  our  supremacy; 


96 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


in  the  carrying  trade  of  the  Pacific  ocean  can  be  established  and  maintained, 
there  is  no  reason  why  we  should  not  seize  upon  and  henceforth  control  that 
commerce  which  in  all  periods  of  the  world's  history  has  enriched  beyond 
computation  the  people  that  have  held  it  in  their  grasp. 

It  is  a  commerce  with  nations  having  more  than  one-half  the  whole  popu- 
lation of  the  globe,  and  accustomed  to  wear  fabrics  produced  from  cotton  grown 
in  this  country.  Why  should  not  the  cotton  goods  required  by  six  hundred 
millions  of  people  in  the  Orient  be  manufactured  by  labor  and  machinery  along 
the  line  of  this  new  highway  of  nations,  and  be  laid  down  at  their  doors  more 
cheaply  than  ever  before  ?  Thereby  a  new  and  vast  field  for  both  labor  and 
capital  would  be  opened,  most  remunerative  to  both,  and  unspeakable  benefits 
be  derived  by  those  that  produce  and  those  that  consume. 

The  whole  value  of  goods  imported  into  Asia  during  the  past  year  is 
1754,669,000.  Of  this  amount  Great  Britain  imported  $281,631,000,  while  the 
United  States  imported  only  $17,510,000.  And  during  the  same  period  Great 
Britain  received  in  exports  $225,806,000,  and  the  United  States  $53,838,000. 
This  vast  advantage  is  secured  by  Great  Britain  by  maintaining  her  supremacy 
in  the  carrying  trade  on  the  ocea*  and  on  all  the  navigable  rivers  of  the  Orient. 
That  government  has  been  able  to  subsidize  lines  of  steamers  on  the  ocean  and 
on  rivers  without  demoralization  or  detriment,  and  this  has  accomplished  the 
result.  The  profits  of  this  carrying  trade  must  exceed  $100,000,000  annually, 
and  Great  Britain  receives  them  all.  Must  we  as  Americans  admit  that  we  have 
reached  a  point  in  our  political  history  where  to  grant  a  money  subsidy  for  any 
purpose  is  to  corrupt  many  public  men  and  send  favorite  leaders  of  both  parties 
to  dishonored  graves  ?  Whether  the  prize  offered  in  the  control  of  or  fair 
competition  for  the  commerce  of  the  Pacific  is  not  sufficient  to  justify  one  more 
attempt,  in  the  hope  that  the  lessons  of  the  past  and  the  purer  patriotism  of 
this  day  may  not  be  sufficient  to  enable  our  public  men  to  resist  the  temptation 
to  take  advantage  of  public  necessity  for  personal  gain  is  a  question  worthy 
the  most  serious  consideration  of  our  merchants,  officers,  statesmen  and  people. 

With  the  Northern  Pacific  completed  and  a  first-class  line  of  American 
steamers  on  the  Pacific,  the  products  of  Japan,  of  China  and  the  East  Indies 
can  be  laid  down  at  our  doors  in  thirty  days.  It  is  not  too  much  to  believe  that 
a  few  years  will  witness  through  bills  of  lading  between  St.  Paul,  Yokohama, 
Canton  and  Hong  Kong,  and  the  fabrics  manufactured  by  our  water  powers  on 
the  Otter  Tail,  St.  Louis,  St.  Croix  and  Mississippi,  now  running  to  waste,  will 
find  their  readiest  and  best  market  with  the  merchant  princes  of  the  Orient, 
who  henceforth  will  soonest  find  the  west  by  traveling  east,  and  that  thereby 
the  countless  millions  of  wealth  that  hitherto  have  been  received  by  the  cities 
of  western  Asia  and  Europe  will  be  received  and  retained  by  the  producing 
classes  and  merchants  of  the  Northwest. 


COUTBIJrTS. 


Page. 

Acrossthe  Continent 4 

Address  of  Gen.  John  B.  Sanborn 94 

Arches 22 

Banking 76 

Building  and  Improvements 79 

Brilliant  Pageant 29 

Committees 15 

Decorations 17 

English  and  American  Guests 10 

German  Guests , 6 

Grand  Reception  and  Parade 26 

Grand  Banquet 44 

Growth  in  Population 64 


Page. 

Importations 72 

Manufacturers 74 

Mortuarv  Statistics 61 

Open  for"  Business.    The  N.  P.  R.  R 3 

Post  Office  Business 90 

Railroad  and  Water  Systems. 66 

Real  Estate... 83 

Reception  of  President  Arthur 41 

Religious,  Educational  and  Social 88 

St.  Paul,  the  Eastern  Terminus 60 

Supplemental — Miscellaneous 91 

The  St.  Paul  Festival 14 

Wholesale  Business...... 70 


EDWARD  W.  NOLAN 

SYLLABUS  OF  SAINT  PAUL. 


ST.  PAUL  THE  METROPOLIS  OF  THE  NORTHWEST. 


Head  of  Navigation  of  the  Mississippi  River— Railway  Centre 
of  the  Northwest,  and  the  Gateway  to  the  Pacific. 


See  pages  10,  14,  21,  25,  28,  29,  30,  32,  44,  47,  50,  52,  and  from  60  to  96. 


THE  PROPHETIC  CITY. 
In  the  year  I860,  standing  on  the  platform  at  the  door  of  the  capitol  of  the  State  of  Minnesota 
in  St.  Paul,  the  sagacious  and  lamented  statesman,  Wm.  H.  Seward,  whose  far-seeing  vision  led 
him  to  predict  in  a  tvance  the  "irrepressible  conflict"  which  ended  in  the  great  rebellion,  made 
another  prophetic  utterance  which  is  equally  certain  to  be  fulfilled.  His  words  were  in  substance 
these:  "I  find  myself  for  the  first  time  upon  the  high  land  in  the  center  of  the  continent  of  North 
America,  equi-distant  from  the  waters  of  Hudson  Bay  and  the  Gidf  of  Mexico.  Here  is  the  place— the 
central  place  where  the  agricultural  products  of  this  region  of  North  America  must  pour  out  their 
tributes  to  the  world.  I  have  cast  aboxit  for  the  future  and  ultimate  seat  of  power  of  North  America. 
Hooked  to  Quebec,  to  New  Orleans,  to  Washington,  San  Francisco  and  St.  Louis  for  the  future  seat  of 
power.  But  I  have  corrected  that  view.  I  now  believe  that  the  xdtimate  last  seat  of  government  on  this 
great  continent  will  be  found  somewhere  not  far  from  the  spot  on  which  I  stand,  at  the  head  of  navigation 
of  the  Mississippi  river."    [See  speech  of  Hon.  E.  P.  Drake,  p.  50.] 

In  the  year  1884,  January  6th,  Eufus  Hatch  said : 

I  know  the  Northern  Pacific  to  be  a  splendid  road,  and  it  is  coming  out  all  right  if  rightly 
managed.  It's  a  magnificent  thing  for  St.  Paul,  and  will  bring  that  city  all  the  business  of  the 
Northwest. 

Since  the  excursion  over  the  Northern  Pacific  and  to  the  Yellowstone,  I  have  cut  ^ut  twelve 
long  editorial  and  local  notices  of  that  region  from  the  London  Telegraph,  that  reaches  100,000 
persons  a  day;  ten  from  the  London  Times  and  niiie  from  the  London  Post.  They  are  still  keeping 
it  up.  So  are  the  German  papers.  It  is  worth  millions  to  the  Northwest.  Foreign  capitalists  will 
bring  $100,000,000  into  the  country  to  invest  there  this  year.  They  know  about  the  country  now. 
I  believe  it  is  the  place  to  put  money,  and  bought  a  large  block  of  land  last  month. 

"  I  think  the  growth  of  St,  Paul  in  the  next  twenty-five  years  will  far  exceed  that  of  the  last 
twenty-five  years."— Henry  Villard's  speech,  page  10. 

"  I  have  seen  many  grand  processions,  civic  and  military,  but  such  a  display  as  this  of  a  city's 
dustries  I  have  never  seen."— Gen.  Grant,  page  29. 


how  mr.  seward's  prophecy  is  being  fulfilled. 


Population  of  St.  Paul  1850,  840;  1860,  10,600;  1870,  20,300;  1880,  41,498; 
1883,  100,000. 

Buildings  erected  in  1883.  Bradstreet's  report  for  eight  months  of  1883  ranks 
St.  Paul  the  fourth  city  in  the  United  States,  as  follows:  New  York,  $37,217,- 
000;  Chicago,  $12,780,000;  Cincinnati,  $11,000,000;  St.  Paul  (Bradstreet,  $9,580,000) 
$11,938,950  the  actual  amount  for  the  year;  Minneapolis,  $8,310,000;  Cleveland, 
$3,750,000;  New  Orleans,  $3,000,000;  Denver,  $3,000,000;  Des  Moines,  $2,750,000; 
Detroit,  $2,580,000;  Kansas  City,  $2,000,000;  Grand  Rapids,  $2,000,000;  Toledo, 
$1,490,000;  Pittsburgh,  $1,420,000;  Memphis,  $1,300,000;  Indianapolis,  $1,250,000; 
Burlington,  $1,100,000;  Milwaukee,  $1,070,000;  Nashville,  $1,050,000. 

Increase  of  Commerce.  New  business  houses  established  1S83,  608;  number 
of  business  houses  erected  1883,  394;  value,  $2,682,500;  street  frontage,  10,216 
feet  or  about  two  miles. 

Wholesale  Business.  1870,  $9,813,000;  1878,  $31,939,500;  1881,  $46,555,999; 
1882,  $66,628,494;  1883,  $81,000,000.  Number  of  first-class  jobbing  houses  in 
1882,  276,  over  33  per  cent,  increase  in  1883. 

The  Mercantile  Agencv  of  R.  G.  Dun  &  Co.'s  report  showed  number  of 
business  houses  in  St.  Paul  1879,  570;  1881,  1,030;  1883,  1,825.  Minimum  of 
capital,  five  houses,  over  $1,000,000;  six  houses,  $750,000;  seventeen,  $500,000; 
thirty-three,  $300,000;  fifty-one,  $200,000;  seventy,  $125,000;  107,  $75,000;  162, 


$40,000;  268,  $20,000;  405,  $10,000;  545,  $5,000.  Total  minimum  capital  of  1,825 
houses,  $73,490,000. 

Increase  of  Manufactures.  1870, 88  houses,  985  employes,  $1,611 ,378  products. 
1882,  694  houses,  12,267  employes,  $22,390,58 0  products.  1883,  751  houses, 
17,000  employes,  $33,000,000  products. 

Growth  of  Custom  House  Business.  1879,  $11,821.56;  1880,  $16,788.63;  1881, 
$30,809.85;  1882,  $45,248.28;  1883,  $64,016.06. 

Growth  of  Postoffice  Business.    Gross  Yearly  Income. 

1875 $58,922.63        1878 $63,922.59        1881 $128,156.45 

1876 57,092.85        1879 81,299.92        1882 173,131.31 

1877 53,412.82        1880 102,450.33        1883 190,907.36 

Money  Order  Business.  ** 

1875 $1,254,037.00        1878 $1,853,613.35        1881 $3,679,525.17 

1876 1,326,409.81        1879 2,517,523.91        1882 4,018,241.33 

1877 1,433,969.79        1880 2,893,695.40        1883 4,071,303.90 

Railroad  Growth.  Cost  of  improvements  made  by  St.  Paul  roads  1883, 
$25,836,500;  local  improvements,  $1,573,000:  miles  of  road  built  for  1880,  1,478; 
1881,2,081;  1882,  2,400;  1883,  1,319.  Passenger  trains  in  and  out  of  St.  Paul 
daily,  165;  railways  making  St.  Paul  principal  terminus,  7;  new  railways  now 
seeking  entrance  into  St.  Paul  8,  viz.,  Wisconsin  Central,  Minnesota  &  North- 
western, St.  Paul  Eastern  Grand  Trunk,  Winona,  Alma  &  Northern,  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy,  Chicago  &  Rock  Island,  new  line  to  Duluth,  Green  Bay, 
Winona  &  St.  Peter. 

Increase  of  Banking  Business.  Bank  capital  1870,  $900,000;  1883,  $5,550,000; 
exchange  sold  1870,  $16,637,563;  18S3,  $103,683,070  by  National  Banks  alone 
(official.)  Average  deposits  1870,  $1,417,921 ;  1883,  $11,897,561  by  National  Banks 
alone. 

st.  paul's  relative  status  as  a  money  center. 

Figures  from  October  report,  1883,  of  the  National  Comptroller  of  the  Currency. 

Cities.                No.  of  Banks.  Resources.  i            Cities.                 No.  of  Banks.  Resources 

1— New  York 48  §157,217,563    10— St.  Paul 5  $16,935,096 

2— Boston 54  192,020,596    11— New  Orleans 7  16,040,934 

3— Philadelphia 32  117,776.564    12— Albany 7  15,073,754 

4— Chicago 11               74,463,102  !  13— Louisville 9  14,517,043 


5— Pittsburg 23  46,344,686 

6— Baltimore 17  45,962,456 

7— Cincinnati 13  38,102,558 

8— Cleveland 7  18,111,481 

9— St.  Louis 6  17,308,914 


14— Detroit 5  13,561.914 

15— Milwaukee 3  7,263,784 

16— Washington 5  4,975,391 

17— San  Francisco 1  4,101,582 


ST.  PAUL  COMPARED  TO  OTHER  MINNESOTA  CITIES. 

OCTOBER  REPORT,  1883,  NATIONAL  COMPTROLLER. 

St.  Paul,  Banking  Capital $5,550,000 

Banking  Capital  of  all  the  other  National  Banks  in  Minnesota 

(38  in  number) 4,451,600 

Excess  of  St.  Paul  overall  others  combined $1,098,400 

Deposits  in  St.  Paul  National  Banks 11,897,561.00 

Deposits  in  all  other  National  Banks  in  Minnesota  combined     9,833,906.63 

Excess  of  St.  Paul  over  all  others  combined $2,063,654.37 

St.  Paul's  Health  Status.  (See  pages  61-2  official  figures.)  St.  Paul's  average 
death  rate  to  the  1,000,  11.65;  51  healthy  districts  in  England,  34  years,  17; 
New  York,  24.36;  Philadelphia,  19.02;  Boston,  20.43;  Chicago,  18.24;  New 
Orleans,  34.83;  Detroit,  14;  St.  Louis,  11.69;  San  Francisco,  19.86;  Knoxville, 
14.72;  Cincinnati,  17.81;  Washington,  24.39.    Average  of  the  world,  22. 


